DOL Knowledge Base_ Task 2

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Writing Task 2 - Dạng 2-part questions

I. Dạng đề:

Thường đề của IELTS có cấu trúc như sau:

• Topic: thường đây là câu đầu tiên của đề, nói về chủ đề tổng mà người viết cần phải viết về
• Task: Đây là phần yêu cầu của đề và người viết cần phải trả lời đầy đủ phần này

Dạng 2-part questions bao gồm các câu hỏi có Task 2 phần, ví dụ như:

• Dạng Problems - Solutions: What problems does this cause and what are some of the measures that can be taken to solve these problems? Đối với dạng này, người viết cần trình bày đầy đủ 2 phần của câu hỏi (Problems và Solutions). Thiếu 1 trong 2 sẽ dẫn đến điểm Task Responses band 5.
• Dạng Causes - Solutions: What could be the reasons behind this? What measures can be taken to resolve this problem? Đối với dạng này, người viết cần trình bày đầy đủ 2 phần của câu hỏi (Causes và Solutions). Thiếu 1 trong 2 sẽ dẫn đến điểm Task Responses band 5.
• Dạng Causes - Problems: What are the reasons behind this? What problems can this cause? Đối với dạng này, người viết cần trình bày đầy đủ 2 phần của câu hỏi (Causes và Problems). Thiếu 1 trong 2 sẽ dẫn đến điểm Task Responses band 5.
• Dạng Direct questions: Why do people need education? Should online or traditional education be more important? Đối với dạng này, người viết cần trình bày đầy đủ 2 câu hỏi direct questions.. Thiếu 1 trong 2 sẽ dẫn đến điểm Task Responses band 5.

II. Kiến thức dạy:

Tại DOL, Học sinh được dạy viết theo Linear framework theo bố cục bài viết bao gồm 4 đoạn, gồm 13-14 câu. Có 2 kiểu Linear framework, học sinh được phép chọn 1 trong 2 kiểu.

a. Linear Framework kiểu General

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is true that S + V

2. Thesis: This essay will discuss [question 1] and then [answer question 2]

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu tổng quan về nội dung đoạn.

4. Point 1: Giới thiệu luận điểm 1

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Giới thiệu luận điểm 2

7. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu tổng quan về nội dung đoạn.

9. Point 1: Giới thiệu luận điểm 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Giới thiệu luận điểm 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. Tóm tắt câu trả lời cho 2 câu hỏi. Tuyệt đối không nêu quan điểm cá nhân không liên quan đến yêu cầu đề bài.

b. Linear Framework kiểu Specific

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is true that S + V

2. Thesis: This essay will discuss [question 1] and then [answer question 2]

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu ngắn gọn luận điểm 1 và luận điểm 2 sẽ viết trong đoạn

4. Point 1: Giới thiệu luận điểm 1

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Giới thiệu luận điểm 2

7. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu ngắn gọn luận điểm 1 và luận điểm 2 sẽ viết trong đoạn

9. Point 1: Giới thiệu luận điểm 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Giới thiệu luận điểm 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. Tóm tắt câu trả lời cho 2 câu hỏi + cần tóm tắt đủ các luận điểm đã trình bày ở thân bài. Tuyệt đối không nêu quan điểm cá nhân không liên quan đến yêu cầu đề bài.

Bảng 1: Lưu ý về language sử dụng trong tất cả các Linear Framework ở trên

Học sinh được quyền sử dụng các synonyms được liệt kê trong bảng sau. Nếu học sinh sử dụng đúng, AI tuyệt đối không được đề nghị thay đổi hoặc đề nghị synonym khác

Các từ vựng để nói về nguyên nhân * Reasons = causes = factors = explanations = rationale
Các từ vựng để nói về hệ quả tiêu cực * Problems = issues = negative effects/impacts = detrimental effects/impacts = adverse effects/impacts = negative consequences = negative implications = drawbacks = disadvantages
Các từ vựng nói về giải pháp * Solutions = measures = methods = actions = steps = approaches = strategies = remedies * Call for solutions to be adopted = require solutions to be implemented = necessitate solutions * Steps can be taken to address the situation = measures can be adopted to ameliorate the situation = solutions can be adopted to alleviate the situation.

c. Giải thích cụ thể các Linear Framework

Đoạn 1: Intro

Câu 1: Paraphrase the topic - người viết bắt buộc phải paraphrase đủ thông tin trong Topic. Người viết đã học cách paraphrase trên lớp như sau:

• Thay đổi sentence structure (Đổi Subject mới sẽ giúp sentence structure thay đổi hoàn toàn)
• Thay đổi word/phrase theo một trong các cách sau:
• Synonyms
• Word forms (đổi verb ⇔ adjectives ⇔ nouns)
• Definition:
• Dùng relative clause để định nghĩa một adjective (adjective + NOUN ⇔ NOUN + relative clause)
• Dùng Noun clause để paraphrase một noun/noun phrase

Câu 2 = Câu Thesis: Phải giải quyết đủ 2 phần Task trong câu hỏi (chưa cần phải đi vào chi tiết)

Ví dụ: What could be the reasons behind this? What measures can be taken to resolve this problem?

Thesis: This essay will discuss the reasons behind this and then propose some possible solutions to it.

Học sinh không cần phải giới thiệu cụ thể các luận điểm ở câu này. Nếu học sinh đã sử dụng đúng cấu trúc được dạy thì không được phép chấm sai và sửa.

Một số cấu trúc câu Thesis được dạy như sau:

Dạng Causes - Solutions

=> This can be attributed to several factors, which calls for possible solutions to be adopted/implemented.

=> This can be attributed to several factors, which can call for possible solutions to be adopted/implemented.

=> This can be explained by several factors, which can require possible solutions to be adopted/implemented.

=> This is due to several factors, which may necessitate some possible solutions.

=> This essay will discuss the underlying reasons behind this phenomenon and then offer some feasible solutions to it.

Dạng Problems - Solutions

=> This can lead to some negative consequences, which can require possible solutions to be adopted/implemented.

=> This can lead to some negative consequences, which calls for possible solutions to be adopted.

=> This can lead to some negative consequences, which can call for possible solutions to be adopted.

=> This can produce some detrimental effects, which can require possible solutions to be adopted/implemented.

=> This essay will discuss the adverse effects associated with this phenomenon and then offer some feasible solutions to it.

Dạng Causes - Problems

=> This essay will discuss the reasons behind this phenomenon and then examine some adverse effects associated with it.

Đoạn 2 và 3: Body Paragraph 1 và 2 = Giải quyết câu hỏi số 1 và 2 theo bố cục sau 2 lựa chọn sau

Lựa chọn 1: (đoạn có 2 ideas)

Câu 3: Câu topic sentence để giới thiệu tổng quan về nội dung đoạn

Câu 4: Giới thiệu Idea 1

Câu 5: Phát triển Idea 1 (người viết có thể giải thích hoặc nêu ví dụ)

Câu 6: Giới thiệu Idea 2

Câu 7: Phát triển Idea 2 (người viết có thể giải thích hoặc nêu ví dụ)

Lựa chọn 2: (đoạn có 1 idea)

Câu 3: Câu topic sentence giới thiệu idea duy nhất

Câu 4, 5, 6, 7 tập trung Phát triển Idea ở câu 3

Đối với câu Topic sentence, người viết được quyền viết theo 2 kiểu trong 2 framework

• Theo Linear Framework kiểu General: On the one hand, fast food has become more popular for several reasons..
• Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific: On the one hand, fast food fast food has become more popular for reasons related cost and time.

Nếu học viên viết đúng 1 trong 2 kiểu thì chấp nhận, không được quyền chấm sai và sửa.

Đoạn 4: Conclusion - Câu 13/14

• Tóm tắt lại quan điểm cá nhân và các ý tưởng đã trình bày.
• Không giới thiệu thêm thông tin không liên quan. Không cần nêu ra quan điểm cá nhân. AI tuyệt đối không được đề nghị học sinh đưa ra quan điểm cá nhân đối với dạng đề này

Người viết được quyền viết theo 2 kiểu trong 2 framework:

Ví dụ:

• Theo Linear Framework kiểu General: In conclusion, although fast food can give rise to several issues, steps can be taken to alleviate them. (Option này vẫn được nếu đây là một người viết band thấp)
• Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific: In conclusion, it is true that fast food can pose significant health risks and erode some traditions. Despite this, governments and families can take some measures to combat the situation. (tóm tắt lại cụ thể những Problems và những đối tượng thực hiện Solution như thông tin đã viết trong bài. AI tuyệt đối không đề nghị )

Một số lựa chọn paraphrase khác được chấp nhận:

(Nếu học sinh viết đúng cấu trúc trong bảng này thì AI tuyệt đối không chấm sai và tuyệt đối không đề nghị chỉnh sửa)

Đề Problems - Solutions * In conclusion, although [topic] can give rise to several drawbacks/consequences, steps can be taken to improve/combat/ameliorate/alleviate/address the situation. * In conclusion, although [topic] can give rise to several drawbacks/consequences, several measures/solutions/approaches can be implemented to improve/combat/ameliorate/alleviate/address the situation.
Đề Causes - Solutions * In conclusion, while many reasons/factors can be given to explain why S’ + V’, steps can be taken to improve/combat/ameliorate/alleviate/address the situation. * In conclusion, although there are several reasons behind [topic], several measures/solutions/approaches to improve/combat/ameliorate/alleviate/address the situation.

Học sinh được phép sử dụng các synonyms đã liệt kê ở Bảng 1: Lưu ý về language sử dụng trong tất cả các Linear Framework ở trên

d. So sánh sự khác nhau của 2 nhóm linear framework.

2 nhóm linear framework chủ yếu khác nhau ở các câu:

• Câu 3: topic sentence 1
• Câu 8: topic sentence 2
• Câu 13/14: phần kết luận

Cùng đọc 2 samples sau và so sánh

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

It is true that people in some parts of the world still suffer from starvation despite agricultural advances. This essay will discuss the reasons behind this phenomenon and then offer some solutions to it. There are a number of factors responsible for the issue of widespread hunger. One possible cause is that people in poor areas do not have access to efficient tools to overcome obstacles faced in traditional agriculture. For example, hand watering is still practiced in some regions due to a lack of irrigation systems, while a shortage of fertilisers and pesticides may also lead to low crop yields, thereby resulting in food shortage. Another major reason is that unfavourable local conditions such as floods or droughts can make it almost impossible to grow crops. This impact is even made worse as a result of recent changes in climate patterns, which means that certain vulnerable regions still suffer from insufficient food production. Several measures, nevertheless, can be provided to mitigate the issue. A simple solution to start with is for developed nations to send humanitarian aid, including food, to help relieve acute food shortages. In fact, several countries with strong economies have been allocating funds to keep food supply chains operating so that people in countries in food crises can have access to life sustaining food. As far as technology is concerned, innovative countries can send experts to help low-skilled farmers in poorer countries adopt modern technologies and farming practices, which can raise crop yields and boost agricultural productivity in general. This means that there can be enough food to feed the whole local communities, thereby leading to a decline in hunger. In conclusion, although regional hunger can stem from several factors, steps can be taken to alleviate the situation.

It is true that people in some parts of the world still suffer from starvation despite agricultural advances. This essay will discuss the reasons behind this phenomenon and then offer some solutions to it. A lack of modern technology and extreme weather could be two factors responsible for the issue of widespread hunger. Regarding the first reason, people in poor areas do not have access to efficient tools to overcome obstacles faced in traditional agriculture. For example, hand watering is still practiced in some regions due to a lack of irrigation systems, while a shortage of fertilisers and pesticides may also lead to low crop yields, thereby resulting in food shortage. Another major reason is that unfavourable local conditions such as floods or droughts can make it almost impossible to grow crops. This impact is even made worse as a result of recent changes in climate patterns, which means that certain vulnerable regions still suffer from insufficient food production. Emergency relief and technological aid, nevertheless, can be provided to mitigate the issue. A simple solution to start with is for developed nations to send humanitarian aid, including food, to help relieve acute food shortages. In fact, several countries with strong economies have been allocating funds to keep food supply chains operating so that people in countries in food crises can have access to life sustaining food. As far as technology is concerned, innovative countries can send experts to help low-skilled farmers in poorer countries adopt modern technologies and farming practices, which can raise crop yields and boost agricultural productivity in general. This means that there can be enough food to feed the whole local communities, thereby leading to a decline in hunger. In conclusion, I believe that regional hunger can stem from limited access to new technology and unavoidable factors. However, assistance from international communities, such as food or technology, can be useful to alleviate the situation.

Có thể thấy 2 bài viết theo 2 linear framework chủ yếu khác nhau ở các câu (phần highlighted):

• Câu 3: topic sentence 1
• Câu 8: topic sentence 2
• Câu 13/14: phần kết luận

IMPORTANT: Học sinh được phép viết theo 1 trong 2 kiểu. Nếu học sinh đã viết được 1 trong 2 kiểu thì không được phép chấm sai.

Lưu ý này quan trọng vì trong quá khứ AI thường chấm sai kiểu Linear Framework theo General. Tuyệt đối không được bác bỏ phong cách viết này.

e. Lưu ý về Vấn đề ý tưởng trong các câu 4, 5, 6, 7 và 9, 10, 11, 12.

Học sinh cần phải hiểu khái niệm flow idea (flow idea bao gồm câu giới thiệu idea và câu phát triển)

Một flow idea điển hình gồm: A => … => B

A/B = Topic/Idea (in any order).

Ví dụ: Fast food is becoming a popular choice for people. Why?

A = Reason = Convenience

B = Topic = Fast food becomes popular

Vậy ta có flow idea điển hình: Convenience => … => Fast food becomes popular

Từ đó học sinh sẽ áp dụng linearthinking theo các linear model như sau (Học sinh được quyền chọn 1 trong những mô hình này):

Model 01: Expand

Giới thiệu idea: A => B

Phát triển idea: [Specify A] => [Specify B]

Ví dụ đúng:

Giới thiệu idea: convenience => fast food becomes popular

Phát triển idea: fast food restaurants serve food within a few minutes and allow consumers to save time instead of spending hours preparing their own food => a common choice among busy workers

(Lỗi thường gặp là học sinh không specify đúng thông tin ở câu giới thiệu idea nên dẫn đến việc câu phát triển idea bị off-topic)

Ví dụ sai:

Giới thiệu idea: convenience => fast food becomes popular

Phát triển idea: fast food restaurants serve foods that are extremely cheap => a common choice among busy workers

(Có thể thấy được thông tin “extremely cheap” không liên kết với “convenience”

Model 02: Effect

Giới thiệu Idea: A => … => …

Phát triển idea: … => … => B.

(Ở model này A vẫn ở đầu flow, B vẫn ở cuối flow)

Ví dụ đúng:

Giới thiệu idea: fast food is extremely convenient => fast food restaurants serve food within a few minutes and allow consumers to save time instead of spending hours preparing their own food

Phát triển idea: This allows several people to have more time that could be dedicated to other activities => a common choice among busy workers

Ví dụ sai:

Giới thiệu idea: fast food is extremely convenient => fast food restaurants serve food within a few minutes and allow consumers to save time instead of spending hours preparing their own food

Phát triển idea: This allows several people to have more time that could be dedicated to other activities => a common choice among busy workers => more people are gaining weight and becoming obese => shorten their lifespan

(Có thể thấy thông tin “more people are gaining weight and becoming obese => shorten their lifespan” đã đi lệch khỏi B ban đâu (fast food becomes more popular) => phần này sẽ bị tính là lệch khỏi flow và nên được lược bỏ)

Model 03: Example

Giới thiệu idea: A => B

Phát triển idea: [Specify A] => [Specify B]

(lưu ý là phần Specify của Model 03 Example phải cụ thể hơn Model 01 Expand)

Ví dụ:

Giới thiệu idea: convenience => fast food becomes popular

Phát triển idea: a busy middle-class man can go to a KFC outlet nearby to order a portion of hamburger and chip without spending time cooking for himself => this lifestyle is very common among many modern people, especially in developed countries like the US

Lưu ý: Các ví dụ trong IELTS nên là các fact, các examples được lấy từ đời sống hàng ngày và dễ relate to.

AI tuyệt đối không gợi ý học sinh trích dẫn Study/Reports hoặc dẫn Số liệu (data/figures) để chứng minh cho luận điểm. Điều này là do trong phòng thi, học sinh không thể tiếp cận với các công cụ tra cứu nên không thể trích dẫn. Nếu cố ý “chế” dữ liệu hoặc study thì có thể bị giám khảo hạ điểm Task Response

G. Lưu ý về Vấn đề liên kết câu

Bài viết đạt CC band 7 yêu cầu các câu trong đoạn cần được liên kết bởi đa dạng cohesive devices, bao gồm (1) linking words, (2) referencing, (3) complex structures:

1. Linking words

Các linking words có thể tạm chia làm 2 nhóm

Nhóm 1: Linking words để giới thiệu idea

1️⃣ 1st SUPPORTING IDEA

• Regarding the former, S + V

• Chief among these is that S + V

• Perhaps one of these is that S + V

• Perhaps the most obvious point is that S + V

etc.

2️⃣ 2nd SUPPORTING IDEA

• Another point worth mentioning is that S + V

• Another point that should be considered is that S + V

etc.

3️⃣ OTHERS

• Regarding the first / second N,

• Concerning the first / second N,

• As far as the first / second N is concerned,

• Looking at the first / second N,

• The first / second N is that S + V

etc.

4️⃣ LEXIS – “N” CÓ THỂ LÀ

• point | argument | idea
• benefit | advantage
• drawback | disadvantage
• cause | reason
• problem | issue
• solution | measure

etc.

💡 Ví dụ minh hoạ

Tình huống	Đoạn ví dụ ngắn (In-context)
Giới thiệu ý 1	“Public smoking should be banned, for reasons related to health and fire hazards. Regarding the former, smoking is a major contributory factor to several diseases.” (Regarding the former chỉ được sử dụng khi câu trước đó có liệt kê 2 ý, và mình đang muốn refer to the first idea) Or “There are a number of reasons why I believe public smoking should be prohibited. Chief among these is that smoking is a major contributory factor to several diseases.” Or “There are a number of reasons why I believe public smoking should be prohibited. First, smoking is a major contributory factor to several diseases.”
Giới thiệu ý 2	“… has negative health effects. Another point worth mentioning is that it also causes considerable economic losses due to healthcare expenditure.”
Dùng “N-based”	“We can identify two chief reasons for this phenomenon. Concerning the first reason, many commuters prefer cars for convenience.”

Nhóm linking words để phát triển ideas

LINKING WORDS – EXPAND

──────────────────────

• Specifically, S + V.

• In fact, S + V. (*chỉ dùng để nêu một thực tế*)

• This is because S + V.

• The explanation for this is that S + V.

• The reason for this is that S + V.

etc.

LINKING WORDS – EXAMPLE

───────────────────────

• …, for example | for instance, …

• For example, … / For instance, …

• By way of illustration, S + V

• An illustration for this is that S + V

• A case in point is (that) …

• Evidence for this can be seen in [countries, cities, places] where S + V

etc.

LINKING WORDS – OTHERS

──────────────────────

CAUSE & EFFECT

• As a result, S + V.

• Therefore, S + V.

• Consequently, S + V.

etc.

CONTRAST

• Nevertheless, S + V.

• Nonetheless, S + V.

• However, S + V.

etc.

2. Referencing

Tư duy sử dụng: A => B. B => C. (B là referencing để nhắc lại thông tin câu trước)

Tool 1: S - V. This + Verb pattern (verb pattern là các động từ chỉ nhân quả như lead to, result in, allow, enable, cause, make, prevent, …)

Ví dụ:

Idea: Eat too much fast food => gain weight => be at risk of chronic diseases.

Flow hoàn chỉnh: Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight. This can cause them to be at risk of chronic diseases.

Tool 2: S - V. This/These/Such + Noun(s)

• Repetition

Many advertisements use exaggeration techniques. Such techniques may deceive customers and encourage them to purchase products of low quality.

• Synonym

The government should quickly carry out measures to prevent people from leaving rural areas. These steps are essential to maintain a sufficient number of agricultural workers.

(Dùng These steps, synonyms của measures, để nhắc lại measures câu trước)

• Word form (nominalisation)

The government should provide schools in rural areas with better facilities and more well-qualified teachers. Such provision can significantly improve the quality of teaching in these areas. (chuyển provide ở câu trước thành danh từ provision => Dùng such provision để nhắc lại)

Some companies may exaggerate their products via advertisements. Such exaggerations may deceive customers and encourage them to purchase products of low quality. (chuyển exaggerate ở câu trước thành danh từ exaggeration => Dùng such exaggerations để nhắc lại)

• Generalisation (This + [category])

Combustion of fossil fuels yields carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. These gases are considered as a contributing factor to global warming. (Dùng These gases để nhắc lại carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide)

The government should prohibit people from gathering during the pandemic. This measure can help alleviate the problem. (Dùng This measure để nhắc lại prohibit people from gathering during the pandemic)

3. Complex structures

Mô hình này sử dụng Complex structure để nối C vào câu A => B ở trước. Một số cấu trúc thường được dùng như

Hệ quả

• S - V, which + V.
• S - V, (adverb) Ving. (các adverb như thereby, thus, potentially, possibly, …)
• S - V, and therefore/thus S - V
• S - V, which means that S - V.
• S - V, meaning that S - V.

etc.

Nguyên nhân

• S - V because/since/as S - V
• S - V due to/thanks to/because of N

etc.

Tương phản

• Although SV, SV. // SV although SV.
• Despite N, SV. // SV despite N.
• While SV, SV. // SV while SV.

Etc.

Lưu ý: học sinh nên sử dụng đa dạng cấu trúc trong bài viết.

Ví dụ:

Idea: Eat too much fast food => gain weight => be at risk of chronic diseases.

Flow hoàn chỉnh:

• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, meaning that they are at risk of chronic diseases.
• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, which means that they are at risk of chronic diseases.
• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, and therefore they are at risk of chronic diseases.
• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, potentially causing them to be at risk of chronic diseases.

III. Đưa nhận xét và cải thiện

Bạn cần đưa nhận xét và cải thiện cho các phần sau

Câu 1: Paraphrase the introduction.

• Kiểm tra xem người viết có paraphrase đủ thông tin trong đề hay không => nếu không thì cần bổ sung
• Kiểm tra xem người viết có sử dụng những cách paraphrase đã học hay không => nếu không thì gợi ý

Suggest một câu Rewrite mẫu (nhớ sử dụng các công cụ paraphrase đã được nhắc đến ở phần trước)

Câu 2: Kiểm tra xem câu này có giải quyết đủ 2 phần Task trong câu hỏi (chưa cần phải đi vào chi tiết) => nếu thiếu thì cần bổ sung

Body paragraph 1:

Câu 3: Kiểm tra xem có câu topic sentence chưa => Nếu có và đúng rồi thì thôi, nếu chưa thì comment bổ sung

Đối với các flow idea trong đoạn bạn cần check các vấn đề sau

• Nếu A/B không có Topic => không có liên kết với đề => phải suggest người viết bổ sung vào

• Nếu A/B không có Idea => idea chưa được làm rõ => phải suggest người viết bổ sung vào

• KIểm tra xem học sinh có áp dụng linearthinking để viết theo các linear model hay không? Nếu phần [Specify A] => [Specify B] không liên kết với A => B thì phải chỉ ra rằng người viết chưa thực sự linear => phải suggest người viết sử dụng tư duy specify làm rõ thông A => B để có được câu phát triển idea [Specify A] => [Specify B] theo kiểu Expand hoặc Example

• Nếu không mắc các lỗi trên và thỏa mãn được một flow idea điển hình thì có thể suggest thêm cách để cải thiện flow cho chi tiết hơn theo các linear model

Đưa ra comment ở cuối body paragraph 1

Body paragraph 2: Tương tự body paragraph 1

Conclusion: Kiểm tra xem

• Người viết Tóm tắt lại các câu trả lời cho 2 câu hỏi chưa => Nếu chưa đủ hoặc chung chung thì cần bổ sung và cụ thể hơn
• Nguời viết không nên giới thiệu thêm thông tin không liên quan => Nếu có thì suggest bỏ đi

Bạn nhớ check thêm cách dùng từ vựng => nếu sai thì sửa nhé (bổ sung phần nhận xét này vào từng câu, sau những nhận xét chính trước khi rewrite luôn

SAMPLE tham khảo

SAMPLE 1

In spite of the advances made in agriculture, many people around the world still go hungry.

Why is this the case?

What can be done about this problem?

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

It is true that people in some parts of the world still suffer from starvation despite agricultural advances. This essay will discuss the reasons behind this phenomenon and then offer some solutions to it. There are a number of factors responsible for the issue of widespread hunger. One possible cause is that people in poor areas do not have access to efficient tools to overcome obstacles faced in traditional agriculture. For example, hand watering is still practiced in some regions due to a lack of irrigation systems, while a shortage of fertilisers and pesticides may also lead to low crop yields, thereby resulting in food shortage. Another major reason is that unfavourable local conditions such as floods or droughts can make it almost impossible to grow crops. This impact is even made worse as a result of recent changes in climate patterns, which means that certain vulnerable regions still suffer from insufficient food production. Several measures, nevertheless, can be provided to mitigate the issue. A simple solution to start with is for developed nations to send humanitarian aid, including food, to help relieve acute food shortages. In fact, several countries with strong economies have been allocating funds to keep food supply chains operating so that people in countries in food crises can have access to life sustaining food. As far as technology is concerned, innovative countries can send experts to help low-skilled farmers in poorer countries adopt modern technologies and farming practices, which can raise crop yields and boost agricultural productivity in general. This means that there can be enough food to feed the whole local communities, thereby leading to a decline in hunger. In conclusion, although regional hunger can stem from several factors, steps can be taken to alleviate the situation.

It is true that people in some parts of the world still suffer from starvation despite agricultural advances. This essay will discuss the reasons behind this phenomenon and then offer some solutions to it. A lack of modern technology and extreme weather could be two factors responsible for the issue of widespread hunger. Regarding the first reason, people in poor areas do not have access to efficient tools to overcome obstacles faced in traditional agriculture. For example, hand watering is still practiced in some regions due to a lack of irrigation systems, while a shortage of fertilisers and pesticides may also lead to low crop yields, thereby resulting in food shortage. Another major reason is that unfavourable local conditions such as floods or droughts can make it almost impossible to grow crops. This impact is even made worse as a result of recent changes in climate patterns, which means that certain vulnerable regions still suffer from insufficient food production. Emergency relief and technological aid, nevertheless, can be provided to mitigate the issue. A simple solution to start with is for developed nations to send humanitarian aid, including food, to help relieve acute food shortages. In fact, several countries with strong economies have been allocating funds to keep food supply chains operating so that people in countries in food crises can have access to life sustaining food. As far as technology is concerned, innovative countries can send experts to help low-skilled farmers in poorer countries adopt modern technologies and farming practices, which can raise crop yields and boost agricultural productivity in general. This means that there can be enough food to feed the whole local communities, thereby leading to a decline in hunger. In conclusion, I believe that regional hunger can stem from limited access to new technology and unavoidable factors. However, assistance from international communities, such as food or technology, can be useful to alleviate the situation.

SAMPLE 2

Cycling is more environmentally friendly than other forms of transport. Why is it not popular in many places? And how to increase its popularity?

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

Cycling remains unpopular in several areas despite its environmental benefits. This essay will discuss the reasons behind this phenomenon and then offer some solutions to it. There are a number of reasons that can explain the unpopularity of bicycles. One possible cause is that commuting by bicycle can be extremely time consuming and physically demanding for those who have to travel long distances. This can reduce job performance and study efficiency, meaning that various commuters would opt for faster modes of transport rather than bicycles. The second reason is that cycling is frequently perceived as dangerous since there can be several aggressive drivers on roads while a bicycle offers minimal protection from these potential threats. For example, the majority of roads in Vietnam are usually crowded with motorcycles and automobiles, thereby raising a safety concern among several cyclists and potentially deterring them from this practice. Nevertheless, various measures can be taken to address this issue. Perhaps a feasible approach to start with is for businesses to invest in making their offices more cycle-friendly by accommodating more bicycle-related amenities, examples of which are reliable, spacious places to park and lock bicycles, changing rooms, and showers. Such facilities will maximize convenience for cyclists and thus promote the habit of cycling to work among workers. Another measure is that the authorities should ensure travelling by bicycle would become safer. This could be achieved by better road designs with segregated lanes for bicycles, reducing the risk of collisions with cars, buses and other means of transport, which has proved to be extremely successful in attracting more cyclists in some European countries such as Denmark or the Netherlands. In conclusion, although the lack of interest in cycling can stem from several factors, steps can be taken to alleviate the situation.

Cycling remains unpopular in several areas despite its environmental benefits. This essay will discuss the reasons behind this phenomenon and then offer some solutions to it. Two possible reasons for the unpopularity of bicycles could be inconvenience and a sense of danger. Regarding the former, commuting by bicycle can be extremely time consuming and physically demanding for those who have to travel long distances. This can reduce job performance and study efficiency, meaning that various commuters would opt for faster modes of transport rather than bicycles. The second reason is that cycling is frequently perceived as dangerous since there can be several aggressive drivers on roads while a bicycle offers minimal protection from these potential threats. For example, the majority of roads in Vietnam are usually crowded with motorcycles and automobiles, thereby raising a safety concern among several cyclists and potentially deterring them from this practice. Nevertheless, governments and companies could take action to address this issue. Perhaps a feasible approach to start with is for businesses to invest in making their offices more cycle-friendly by accommodating more bicycle-related amenities, examples of which are reliable, spacious places to park and lock bicycles, changing rooms, and showers. Such facilities will maximize convenience for cyclists and thus promote the habit of cycling to work among workers. Another measure is that the authorities should ensure travelling by bicycle would become safer. This could be achieved by better road designs with segregated lanes for bicycles, reducing the risk of collisions with cars, buses and other means of transport, which has proved to be extremely successful in attracting more cyclists in some European countries such as Denmark or the Netherlands. In conclusion, travelling by bicycles is still not popular partly because it is inconvenient and partly because it is deemed to be unsafe. However, governments and companies can focus on making cycling safer and more convenient in order to increase its popularity.

SAMPLE 3

More and more people today are drinking sugar-based drinks.

What are the reasons for this?

What are the solutions to make people drink less?

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

The consumption of sugar-containing drinks is on the rise. This can be attributed to several factors, which calls for possible solutions to be adopted. There are various reasons why an increasing number of people are turning to sugar-based beverages. One possible explanation is that because soft-drink companies heavily promote their products, several people can be constantly exposed to these advertisements and therefore be tempted to buy such drinks. For example, companies such as Pepsi have been teaming up with other fast-food chains to promote their beverages, which may lead to more consumers opting for these drinks. Another point worth mentioning is that modern lifestyle also causes some people to consume sugary beverages. This is very common among Vietnamese college students, as they need to stay up all night to study when stressful examinations are approaching, which is why many opt for Red Bull and other energy boosters. Nevertheless, several solutions can be taken to curb the consumption of these beverages. One approach could be for the government to launch public information campaigns that dissuade the consumption of sugar-based drinks. Perhaps one wonderful example is that posters which show the caloric content of popular soft drinks like Coca-Cola and Pepsi, along with the recommended level of sugar intake, can be made to discourage people from choosing these drinks. Another feasible approach is that health organizations should give advice on how to adopt healthy lifestyles and cut down the consumption of drinks with high sugar content. For instance, they can try to convince consumers to replace such drinks with healthier choices or less-sugar alternatives, namely tea or black coffee, which can allow busy individuals to stay awake without consuming too many energy drinks. In conclusion, I argue that the increasing popularity of sugar-based products is attributed to several factors; however, steps can be taken to address the issue.

The consumption of sugar-containing drinks is on the rise. This can be attributed to several factors, which calls for possible solutions to be adopted. Heavy exposure and modern lifestyle are the two main reasons why an increasing number of people are turning to sugar-based beverages. Regarding the former, soft-drink companies heavily promote their products, and therefore several people can be constantly exposed to these advertisements and therefore be tempted to buy such drinks. For example, companies such as Pepsi have been teaming up with other fast-food chains to promote their beverages, which may lead to more consumers opting for these drinks. Another point worth mentioning is that modern lifestyle also causes some people to consume sugary beverages. This is very common among Vietnamese college students, as they need to stay up all night to study when stressful examinations are approaching, which is why many opt for Red Bull and other energy boosters. Nevertheless, several solutions can be taken by the government and health organisations to curb the consumption of these beverages. One approach could be for the government to launch public information campaigns that dissuade the consumption of sugar-based drinks. Perhaps one wonderful example is that posters which show the caloric content of popular soft drinks like Coca-Cola and Pepsi, along with the recommended level of sugar intake, can be made to discourage people from choosing these drinks. Another feasible approach is that health organizations should give advice on how to adopt healthy lifestyles and cut down the consumption of drinks with high sugar content. For instance, they can try to convince consumers to replace such drinks with healthier choices or less-sugar alternatives, namely tea or black coffee, which can allow busy individuals to stay awake without consuming too many energy drinks. In conclusion, I argue that heavy exposure and a need for energy have led to more people consuming sugar-based products. However, steps can be taken by authorities and organisations to address the issue.

SAMPLE 4

Many children spend too much time on computers. What problems can this cause? What can be the solutions?

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

The total amount of time some children spend using computers is indeed alarming. In this essay, I will examine the consequences associated with this issue and suggest some feasible solutions to it. Longer daily computer usage can result in various problems. One possible issue is that children who sit in front of a screen for a long time are more likely to lead a sedentary lifestyle. This can cause them to be more prone to computer-induced health conditions such as eyesight problems, obesity, and other cardiovascular diseases. The other negative impact is that children’s lack of real-life experience makes them an easy target for internet scams. A case in point is that the fact that children share their private information on virtual platforms to meet online friends exposes them to the potential danger of being deceived. Despite this, I hold the belief that this can be solved with several measures. As for the parents, they should spend more time with their children in order to control their computer use. Such supervision is now made easier with the help of different filtering software which prevents children from accessing harmful content on the Internet. As far as schools’ responsibility is concerned, these institutions need to organize more outdoor activities, which helps to distract students from video games and social media, thereby potentially promoting a healthier lifestyle. The public bodies also need to take some actions to improve Internet security. This can be achieved by various measures such as introducing heavy punishments for hackers and Internet fraud or banning sites that are dangerous for children. In conclusion, although the habit of spending too much time on computers can produce some adverse effects, steps can be taken to tackle this issue.

The total amount of time some children spend using computers is indeed alarming. In this essay, I will examine the consequences associated with this issue and suggest some feasible solutions to it. Longer daily computer usage can result in various problems, the most important of which are related to health and cyber dangers. With regard to the former, children who sit in front of a screen for a long time are more likely to lead a sedentary lifestyle. This can cause them to be more prone to computer-induced health conditions such as eyesight problems, obesity, and other cardiovascular diseases. The other negative impact is that children’s lack of real-life experience makes them an easy target for internet scams. A case in point is that the fact that children share their private information on virtual platforms to meet online friends exposes them to the potential danger of being deceived. Despite this, I hold the belief that this can be solved with the combined efforts involving parents, schools, and governments. As for the parents, they should spend more time with their children in order to control their computer use. Such supervision is now made easier with the help of different filtering software which prevents children from accessing harmful content on the Internet. As far as schools’ responsibility is concerned, these institutions need to organize more outdoor activities, which helps to distract students from video games and social media, thereby potentially promoting a healthier lifestyle. The public bodies also need to take some actions to improve Internet security. This can be achieved by various measures such as introducing heavy punishments for hackers and Internet fraud or banning sites that are dangerous for children. In conclusion, although the habit of spending too much time on computers can produce some adverse effects in terms of health and online dangers, steps can be taken by authorities, educational institutions and families to tackle this issue.

SAMPLE 5

Traffic congestion is becoming more and more common in urban areas. What are the causes? What solutions can be adopted to solve this problem?

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

It is true that traffic jams are occurring more frequently in cities. This can stem from many causes, which calls for possible solutions to be adopted. There are a number of factors responsible for traffic congestion. Firstly, due to the economic boom, many people migrate from rural areas to the cities to earn a better living. This leads to an increase in the urban population. As a result, more city dwellers prefer to own more personal means of transport because of its convenience, which contributes significantly to overcrowded streets. Another reason is that school and office working hours often last from nine to five. This means that students and workers have to rush to the streets at the same time, thereby causing a sudden increase in the number of vehicles during rush hours. Consequently, heavy traffic occurs There are a number of measures which can be taken to tackle these problems. One solution could be that the government could encourage people to use public transport by improving the quality of public transport systems such as buses or underground. In Singapore, for instance, most city dwellers choose MRT as their main mode of transport due to its convenience and affordable prices. This helps the country to curb traffic congestion effectively. Moreover, the government should implement flexible working hours, which allows workers and students to go to work or school at off-peak hours. As a result, this helps reduce traffic volume at a particular time of the day. In conclusion, although traffic congestion can result from many causes, there are several actions that can be taken to address this issue.

It is true that traffic jams are occurring more frequently in cities. This can stem from many causes, which calls for possible solutions to be adopted. There are a number of factors responsible for traffic congestion, two of which are related to economy and modern lifestyles. Firstly, due to the economic boom, many people migrate from rural areas to the cities to earn a better living. This leads to an increase in the urban population. As a result, more city dwellers prefer to own more personal means of transport because of its convenience, which contributes significantly to overcrowded streets. Another reason is that school and office working hours often last from nine to five. This means that students and workers have to rush to the streets at the same time, thereby causing a sudden increase in the number of vehicles during rush hours. Consequently, heavy traffic occurs There are a number of measures which can be taken by the government to tackle these problems. One solution could be that the government could encourage people to use public transport by improving the quality of public transport systems such as buses or underground. In Singapore, for instance, most city dwellers choose MRT as their main mode of transport due to its convenience and affordable prices. This helps the country to curb traffic congestion effectively. Moreover, the government should implement flexible working hours, which allows workers and students to go to work or school at off-peak hours. As a result, this helps reduce traffic volume at a particular time of the day. In conclusion, although traffic congestion can result from many causes related to economy and lifestyles, there are several actions that can be taken by the authorities to address this issue.

SAMPLE 6

In their advertising, businesses nowadays usually emphasise that their products are new in some ways.

Why is this?

Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

It is increasingly common for businesses to mainly focus on the novelty of their products when creating advertisements. This essay will explore the major reason behind this trend and discuss whether it is a positive or negative development. There are some main reasons behind businesses highlighting the newness of their products. One of these is to attract consumer attention. In a world inundated with choices, companies capitalise on the human tendency to seek innovation and improvement, as consumers are often drawn to products that promise enhanced features, better performance, or unique designs. Another reason for this trend is the influence of consumer culture, which values constant innovation and progress. Modern consumers, particularly younger generations, are often motivated by the desire to own the latest products. Advertisers exploit this by creating a perception that new equals better, thereby driving sales and fostering brand loyalty. Nevertheless, the emphasis on novelty in advertising carries both positive and negative implications. On the positive side, highlighting product innovations can serve as a catalyst for product development and technological advancements. This trend incentivizes businesses to invest in research and development, meaning that more genuinely beneficial products can be introduced to enhance people’s lives. Concerning the drawback, the relentless pursuit of novelty may create a sense of dissatisfaction with existing products, which can perpetuate a cycle of continuous consumption and disposal. This can contribute to a culture of materialism, thus placing potential financial burdens on consumers. In conclusion, the prevalent practice of promoting novel product features in advertising stem from multiple factors. While it can offer certain benefits, it also carries some risks.

It is increasingly common for businesses to mainly focus on the novelty of their products when creating advertisements. This essay will explore the major reason behind this trend and discuss whether it is a positive or negative development. One primary motive behind businesses highlighting the newness of their products is to capture the attention of consumers in a fiercely competitive market. By showcasing the fresh features or enhancements of their offerings, businesses strive to generate a sense of curiosity among their target audience in order to encourage them to explore these new options. Apple’s marketing strategy provides a notable example of this practice, where each new iPhone release is accompanied by an emphasis on distinctive selling points, such as improved camera capabilities, enhanced security, and innovative software updates. This approach has undoubtedly helped the company keep consumers engaged, thereby stimulating sales and fortifying the company’s competitive position. Nevertheless, the emphasis on novelty in advertising carries both positive and negative implications. On the positive side, highlighting product innovations can serve as a catalyst for product development and technological advancements. This trend incentivizes businesses to invest in research and development, meaning that more genuinely beneficial products can be introduced to enhance people’s lives. Concerning the drawback, the relentless pursuit of novelty may create a sense of dissatisfaction with existing products, which can perpetuate a cycle of continuous consumption and disposal. This can contribute to a culture of materialism, thus placing potential financial burdens on consumers. In conclusion, the prevalent practice of promoting novel product features in advertising serves as a strategic approach for maintaining a competitive edge in the market. While it stimulates technological progress and product innovation, it also carries the risk of fueling excessive consumption.

Writing Task 2 - Dạng Advantages and disadvantages

I. Dạng đề:

Thường đề của IELTS có cấu trúc như sau:

• Topic: thường đây là câu đầu tiên của đề, nói về chủ đề tổng mà người viết cần phải viết về
• Task: Đây là phần yêu cầu của đề và người viết cần phải trả lời đầy đủ phần này

Dạng Advantages - Disadvantage bao gồm các yêu cầu sau

• What are the advantages and disadvantages? => Dạng đề này người viết không cần so sánh giữa advantages and disadvantages
• Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? => Dạng đề này người viết bắt buộc phải SO SÁNH HƠN nên chỉ có 2 option (Advantage > Disadvantage hoặc ngược lại). Nếu người viết không so sánh là không thỏa mãn yêu cầu đề, điểm Task Response sẽ là band 5.0
• Is this a positive or a negative development => Dạng này người viết có thể viết giống như 1 trong 2

II. Kiến thức dạy:

Tại DOL, Học sinh được dạy viết theo Linear framework theo bố cục bài viết bao gồm 4 đoạn, gồm 13-14 câu.

a. Linear Framework cho dạng câu hỏi Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? (Dạng bắt buộc so sánh)

Có 2 kiểu Linear framework, học sinh được phép chọn 1 trong 2 kiểu.

a1. Linear Framework kiểu General

Option 1 : không có Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is true that S + V

2. Thesis: Although this (doing this) has several advantages, the drawbacks may be far more significant.

Hoặc

=> This essay will argue that the advantages of this development are eclipsed by the disadvantages involved. (có thể đảo vị trí của advantages/disadvantages)

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: On the one hand, there can be some minor benefits of [N/N + V-ing].

4. Point 1: One possible advantage is that S + V.

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Another beneficial effect could be that S + V.

7. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Nevertheless, [N/the fact that S’ + V’] can have major downsides which overshadow these positive impacts.

9. Point 1: The most obvious issue could be that S + V.

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Another drawback worth mentioning is that S + V.

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. In conclusion, despite the potential benefits of [N/N + V-ing], the drawbacks involved are of greater significance.

Option 2 : Body Paragraph 1 có 2 ideas và kết thúc bằng Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is true that S + V

2. Thesis: Although this (doing this) has several advantages, the drawbacks may be far more significant.

Hoặc

=> This essay will argue that the advantages of this development are eclipsed by the disadvantages involved. (có thể đảo vị trí của advantages/disadvantages)

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: On the one hand, there can be some minor benefits of [N/N + V-ing].

4. Point 1: One possible advantage is that S + V.

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Another beneficial effect could be that S + V.

7. Antithesis for Point 2: State and explain why this point is not significant

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: In my opinion, [N/the fact that S’ + V’] can have major downsides which overshadow these positive impacts.

9. Point 1: The most obvious issue could be that S + V.

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Another drawback worth mentioning is that S + V.

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. In conclusion, despite the potential benefits of [N/N + V-ing], the drawbacks involved are of greater significance.

Option 3 : Body Paragraph 1 có duy nhất 1 idea và kết thúc bằng Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is true that S + V

2. Thesis: Although this (doing this) has several advantages, the drawbacks may be far more significant.

Hoặc

=> This essay will argue that the advantages of this development are eclipsed by the disadvantages involved. (có thể đảo vị trí của advantages/disadvantages)

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu benefit duy nhất. A => B

4. Expand: specify A => specify B

5. Example: specify A => specify B (phải specific hơn câu expand)

6+7. Antithesis: State and explain why this point is not significant

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: In my opinion, [N/the fact that S’ + V’] can have major downsides which overshadow these positive impacts.

9. Point 1: The most obvious issue could be that S + V.

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Another drawback worth mentioning is that S + V.

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. In conclusion, despite the potential benefits of [N/N + V-ing], the drawbacks involved are of greater significance.

a2. Linear Framework kiểu Specific

Option 1: Option không có Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is true that S + V

2. Thesis: Although this (doing this) has several advantages, the drawbacks may be far more significant.

Hoặc

=> This essay will argue that the advantages of this development are eclipsed by the disadvantages involved. (có thể đảo vị trí của advantages/disadvantages)

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: On the one hand, [topic] can offer certain benefits related to [point 1] and [point 2].

4. Point 1: One possible advantage is that S + V.

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Another beneficial effect could be that S + V.

7. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Nevertheless, [N/the fact that S’ + V’] can be more disadvantageous in terms of [point 1] and [point 2].

9. Point 1: The most obvious issue could be that S + V.

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Another drawback worth mentioning is that S + V.

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. Need to include these:

• Summarize all the advantages and disadvantages mentioned.
• Restate the opinion on whether advantages outweigh disadvantages or vice versa

Option 2 : Body Paragraph 1 có 2 ideas và kết thúc bằng Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is true that S + V

2. Thesis: Although this (doing this) has several advantages, the drawbacks may be far more significant.

Hoặc

=> This essay will argue that the advantages of this development are eclipsed by the disadvantages involved. (có thể đảo vị trí của advantages/disadvantages)

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: On the one hand, [topic] can offer certain benefits related to [point 1] and [point 2].

4. Point 1: One possible advantage is that S + V.

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Another beneficial effect could be that S + V.

7. Antithesis for Point 2: State and explain why this point is not significant

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: In my opinion, [N/the fact that S’ + V’] can be more disadvantageous in terms of [point 1] and [point 2].

9. Point 1: The most obvious issue could be that S + V.

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Another drawback worth mentioning is that S + V.

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. Need to include these:

• Summarize all the advantages and disadvantages mentioned.
• Restate the opinion on whether advantages outweigh disadvantages or vice versa

Option 3 : Body Paragraph 1 có duy nhất 1 idea và kết thúc bằng Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is true that S + V

2. Thesis: Although this (doing this) has several advantages, the drawbacks may be far more significant.

Hoặc

=> This essay will argue that the advantages of this development are eclipsed by the disadvantages involved. (có thể đảo vị trí của advantages/disadvantages)

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu benefit duy nhất. A => B

4. Expand: specify A => specify B

5. Example: specify A => specify B (phải specific hơn câu expand)

6+7. Antithesis: State and explain why this point is not significant

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: In my opinion, [N/the fact that S’ + V’] can be more disadvantageous in terms of [point 1] and [point 2].

9. Point 1: The most obvious issue could be that S + V.

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Another drawback worth mentioning is that S + V.

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. Need to include these:

• Summarize all the advantages and disadvantages mentioned.
• Restate the opinion on whether advantages outweigh disadvantages or vice versa

b. Linear Framework cho dạng câu hỏi What are the advantages and disadvantages? (Dạng KHÔNG so sánh)

Dạng này khác với dạng so sánh ở chỗ trong câu Thesis (câu 2) và phần kết luận (câu 13 -14), học sinh không cần nêu quan điểm thiên về advantages hoặc thiên về disadvantages.

Có 2 kiểu Linear framework, học sinh được phép chọn 1 trong 2 kiểu.

b1. Linear Framework kiểu General

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is true that S + V

2. Thesis: While this can offer various advantages, it can also bring about some detrimental effects.

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: On the one hand, there can be some benefits of [topic].

4. Point 1: One possible advantage is that S + V.

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Another beneficial effect could be that S + V.

7. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: On the other hand, the drawbacks of [topic] are undeniable.

9. Point 1: The most obvious issue could be that S + V.

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Another drawback worth mentioning is that S + V.

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. In conclusion, although [topic] can be beneficial in some situations, this development can also be disadvantageous to a certain extent.

b1. Linear Framework kiểu Specific

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is true that S + V

2. Thesis: While this can offer various advantages, it can also bring about some detrimental effects.

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: On the one hand, [topic] can offer certain benefits related to [point 1] and [point 2].

4. Point 1: One possible advantage is that S + V.

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Another beneficial effect could be that S + V.

7. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Nevertheless, [N/the fact that S’ + V’] can be disadvantageous in terms of [point 1] and [point 2].

9. Point 1: The most obvious issue could be that S + V.

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Another drawback worth mentioning is that S + V.

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. Summarize all the advantages and disadvantages mentioned.

Lưu ý về language sử dụng trong tất cả các Linear Framework ở trên

Học sinh được quyền sử dụng các synonyms được liệt kê trong bảng sau. Nếu học sinh sử dụng đúng, AI tuyệt đối không được đề nghị thay đổi

Các từ vựng để nói về thuận lợi: * Noun: advantages = benefits = beneficial/advantageous/positive effects/impacts/implications = merits = positives * Adjectives: beneficial = advantageous = positive
Các từ vựng để nói về bất lợi: * Noun: disadvantages = drawbacks = negative/detrimental effects/impacts/implications = downsides = negatives = issues * Adjectives: negative = disadvantageous = harmful = detrimental = adverse

c. Giải thích cụ thể các Linear Framework

Đoạn 1: Intro

Câu 1: Paraphrase the topic - người viết bắt buộc phải paraphrase đủ thông tin trong Topic. Người viết đã học cách paraphrase trên lớp như sau:

• Thay đổi sentence structure (Đổi Subject mới sẽ giúp sentence structure thay đổi hoàn toàn)
• Thay đổi word/phrase theo một trong các cách sau:
• Synonyms
• Word forms (đổi verb ⇔ adjectives ⇔ nouns)
• Definition:
• Dùng relative clause để định nghĩa một adjective (adjective + NOUN ⇔ NOUN + relative clause)
• Dùng Noun clause để paraphrase một noun/noun phrase

Câu 2 = Câu Thesis: Phải giải quyết đúng yêu cầu phần Task

• What are the advantages and disadvantages? => Dạng đề này người viết không cần so sánh giữa advantages and disadvantages
• Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? => Dạng đề này người viết bắt buộc phải SO SÁNH HƠN nên chỉ có 2 option (Advantage > Disadvantage hoặc ngược lại). Nếu người viết không so sánh là không thỏa mãn yêu cầu đề, điểm Task Response sẽ là band 5.0
• Is this a positive or a negative development => Dạng này người viết có thể viết giống dạng “Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?”

Một số cấu trúc câu Thesis được dạy như sau (học sinh bắt buộc phải chọn đúng cấu trúc cho các dạng đề khác nhau):

Dạng What are the advantages and disadvantages?

=> While this can offer various advantages, it can also bring about some detrimental effects.

=> While this can offer some advantages, it can also be detrimental to a certain extent.

(hoặc một số biến thể paraphrase khác)

Dạng Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

=> Although this (doing this) has several advantages, the drawbacks may be far more significant. (có thể đảo vị trí của advantages/drawbacks)

=> This essay will argue that the advantages of this development are eclipsed by the disadvantages involved. (có thể đảo vị trí của advantages/disadvantages)

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

Học sinh không cần phải giới thiệu cụ thể advantages và disadvantages ở câu này. Nếu học sinh đã sử dụng đúng cấu trúc được dạy thì không được phép chấm sai và sửa.

Đoạn 2 và 3: Body Paragraph 1 và 2 = Giải quyết các phần Advantages và Disadvantages theo bố cục sau 2 lựa chọn sau

Lựa chọn 1: (đoạn có 2 ideas)

Câu 3: Câu topic sentence để giới thiệu tổng quan về nội dung đoạn

Câu 4: Giới thiệu Idea 1

Câu 5: Phát triển Idea 1 (người viết có thể giải thích hoặc nêu ví dụ)

Câu 6: Giới thiệu Idea 2

Câu 7: Phát triển Idea 2 (người viết có thể giải thích hoặc nêu ví dụ)

Lựa chọn 2: (đoạn có 1 idea)

Câu 3: Câu topic sentence giới thiệu idea duy nhất

Câu 4, 5, 6, 7 tập trung Phát triển Idea ở câu 3

Đối với câu Topic sentence, người viết được quyền viết theo 2 kiểu trong 2 framework

• Theo Linear Framework kiểu General: On the one hand, fast food offer several benefits.
• Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific: On the one hand, fast food offer several benefits related to cost and time.

Nếu học viên viết đúng 1 trong 2 kiểu thì chấp nhận, không được quyền chấm sai và sửa.

Đoạn 4: Conclusion

• Tóm tắt lại quan điểm cá nhân và các ý tưởng đã trình bày.
• Không giới thiệu thêm thông tin không liên quan

Người viết được quyền viết theo 2 kiểu trong 2 framework:

Ví dụ:

• Theo Linear Framework kiểu General: In conclusion, although fast food has several advantages, it also carries certain drawbacks. (Option này vẫn được nếu đây là một người viết band thấp)
• Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific: In conclusion, although fast food offers a sense of convenience in some cases, it can pose significant health risks. As such, I think that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. (tóm tắt lại cụ thể thông tin đã viết trong bài)

d. So sánh sự khác nhau của 2 nhóm linear framework.

2 nhóm linear framework (General vs Specific) chủ yếu khác nhau ở các câu:

• Câu 3: topic sentence 1
• Câu 8: topic sentence 2
• Câu 13/14: phần kết luận

Cùng đọc 2 samples sau và so sánh

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

It is true that most countries are witnessing a decrease in the prices of fast food and an increase in its availability. I hold the belief that the drawbacks of this development are far more significant than the benefits involved. The fact that the prices of fast food are reducing and its availability is increasing. One possible advantage is that these foods are sold at cheap prices and served within a few minutes, and some chains such as McDonald’s have opened several drive-through restaurants serving items at around several dollars, meaning that one may not even need to leave the comfort of his car to enjoy a cheap and convenient meal. This can allow people to save money and time, which is suitable for working people with a busy schedule. On the societal level, when more people go to fast-food outlets for their regular meals, businesses selling these foods could expand and thus increase the sales volumes. This expansion of fast food chains might create more job opportunities for local people and result in higher employment rates in this sector. Despite the aforementioned benefits, this trend can have several major downsides. Chief among these is that in the past, traditional meals could be more popular, and it was usually considered to be bonding activities, while nowadays the trend is becoming less prevalent because of the development of fast food. Gradually, this can cause adverse impacts on family eating habits in the long term. The second point to make is that the overconsumption of fast food, in fact, could increase the risk of a large number of various chronic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. Alongside this, chemical substances such as saturated fat and food colorants, which are contained in this kind of convenience food, can accelerate this process. In conclusion, although the fact that fast food is becoming much more affordable and popular can bring certain benefits, I believe that this development.

It is true that most countries are witnessing a decrease in the prices of fast food and an increase in its availability. I hold the belief that the drawbacks of this development are far more significant than the benefits involved. The increasing availability of cheaper fast food can be advantageous in terms of convenience and economy. Regarding the former, these foods are sold at cheap prices and served within a few minutes, and some chains such as McDonald’s have opened several drive-through restaurants serving items at around several dollars, meaning that one may not even need to leave the comfort of his car to enjoy a cheap and convenient meal. This can allow people to save money and time, which is suitable for working people with a busy schedule. On the societal level, when more people go to fast-food outlets for their regular meals, businesses selling these foods could expand and thus increase the sales volumes. This expansion of fast food chains might create more job opportunities for local people and result in higher employment rates in this sector. Despite the aforementioned benefits, this trend can have several major downsides related to traditions and health. Chief among these is that in the past, traditional meals could be more popular, and it was usually considered to be bonding activities, while nowadays the trend is becoming less prevalent because of the development of fast food. Gradually, this can cause adverse impacts on family eating habits in the long term. The second point to make is that the overconsumption of fast food, in fact, could increase the risk of a large number of various chronic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. Alongside this, chemical substances such as saturated fat and food colorants, which are contained in this kind of convenience food, can accelerate this process. In conclusion, the fact that fast food is becoming much more affordable and popular can bring certain benefits for some individuals and the economy. However, I believe that this development is more disadvantageous due to the negative effects on familial bonds and health.

Có thể thấy 2 bài viết theo 2 linear framework chủ yếu khác nhau ở các câu (phần highlighted):

• Câu 3: topic sentence 1
• Câu 8: topic sentence 2
• Câu 13/14: phần kết luận

IMPORTANT: Học sinh được phép viết theo 1 trong 2 kiểu. Nếu học sinh đã viết được 1 trong 2 kiểu thì không được phép chấm sai.

Lưu ý này quan trọng vì trong quá khứ AI thường chấm sai kiểu Linear Framework theo General. Tuyệt đối không được bác bỏ phong cách viết này.

e. Lưu ý về Vấn đề ý tưởng trong các câu 4, 5, 6, 7 và 9, 10, 11, 12.

Học sinh cần phải hiểu khái niệm flow idea (flow idea bao gồm câu giới thiệu idea và câu phát triển)

Một flow idea điển hình gồm: A => … => B

A/B = Topic/Idea (in any order).

Ví dụ: Fast food is becoming a popular choice for people. What are the disadvantages?

A = Topic = Fast food

B = Idea = Health risks

Vậy ta có flow idea điển hình: Fast Food => … => Health risks

Từ đó học sinh sẽ áp dụng linearthinking theo các linear model như sau (Học sinh được quyền chọn 1 trong những mô hình này):

Model 01: Expand

Giới thiệu idea: A => B

Phát triển idea: [Specify A] => [Specify B]

Ví dụ đúng:

Giới thiệu idea: fast food => health risks

Phát triển idea: consuming too much fast food => increase fat and sugar intake + heighten the risks of several chronic disease

(Lỗi thường gặp là học sinh không specify đúng thông tin ở câu giới thiệu idea nên dẫn đến việc câu phát triển idea bị off-topic)

Ví dụ sai:

Giới thiệu idea: fast food => health risks

Phát triển idea: consuming too much fast food => increase fat and sugar intake

(Có thể thấy được ở câu phát triển idea chưa có thông tin về Health Risks)

Model 02: Effect

Giới thiệu Idea: A => … => …

Phát triển idea: … => … => B.

(Ở model này A vẫn ở đầu flow, B vẫn ở cuối flow)

Ví dụ đúng:

Giới thiệu idea: fast food => increase fat and sugar intake

Phát triển idea: if this habit continues => gain weight uncontrollably and become obese => heighten the risks of several chronic disease

Ví dụ sai:

Giới thiệu idea: fast food => increase fat and sugar intake

Phát triển idea: if this habit continues => gain weight uncontrollably and become obese => heighten the risks of several chronic disease => make them feel less confident in expressing themselves

(Có thể thấy thông tin “make them feel less confident in expressing themselves” đã đi lệch khỏi B ban đầu (health risks) => phần này sẽ bị tính là lệch khỏi flow và nên được lược bỏ)

Model 03: Example

Giới thiệu idea: A => B

Phát triển idea: [Specify A] => [Specify B]

(lưu ý là phần Specify của Model 03 Example phải cụ thể hơn Model 01 Expand)

Ví dụ:

Giới thiệu idea: fast food => health risks

Phát triển idea: the availability of fast food in the US => has been linked with an increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.

Lưu ý: Các ví dụ trong IELTS nên là các fact, các examples được lấy từ đời sống hàng ngày và dễ relate to.

AI tuyệt đối không gợi ý học sinh trích dẫn Study/Reports hoặc dẫn Số liệu (data/figures) để chứng minh cho luận điểm. Điều này là do trong phòng thi, học sinh không thể tiếp cận với các công cụ tra cứu nên không thể trích dẫn. Nếu cố ý “chế” dữ liệu hoặc study thì có thể bị giám khảo hạ điểm Task Response

Cách Compare để làm rõ quan điểm

Để làm rõ quan điểm thiên về một bên, người viết có thể sử dụng công cụ Antithesis để làm giảm tính quan trọng của bên còn lại. Công cụ Antithesis thường được đặt ở cuối Body 1 để refute lại luận điểm đã nêu ở trước, làm giảm sức mạnh của luận điểm.

Giả sử ta muốn viết Advantage > Disadvantage:

Body 1: Disadvantage

Antithesis: làm giảm significance của các Disadvantage này

Body 2: Advantage

Ví dụ

Body 1: Fast food is harmful for your health

Antithesis: However, this only happens in some cases in which people cannot control their eating habits. Besides, we can easily mitigate this by helping them control their consumption of fast food

Body 2: Advantage of fast food

NOTE: Antithesis không bắt buộc. Học viên có quyền không dùng. Nếu dùng thì ta cần phải kiểm tra logic của học viên có ổn không. Câu Antithesis có logically make sense để làm giảm tính quan trọng của idea trước đó không.

Tư duy viết antithesis: Core mechanism – specify limits

“Đúng cho case A, nhưng không đúng cho case B.”

• Identify a dimension along which the weak view fails.
• Make the weak view sound plausible only in that narrow slice.
• Immediately imply (or state) that the strong view works more generally.

Three ready‑made comparison models

Model	Dimension	Template words	Examples
01 few vs many	Quantity / scope	only a few …, not viable for many …	“…only suitable for a few large cities, not viable for many small and medium ones.”
02 short‑term vs long‑term	Time horizon	only relevant in the short term, not true in the long run	“…this cost is only of short‑term relevance … more economical in the long run.”
03 issue → solution	Problem can be mitigated	this can be mitigated by …	“This exploitation … could be mitigated by implementing a set of ethical principles …”

Use the model that best fits your topic.

Language toolbox

Quantifier contrast (few vs many)

only + a few + N, not (very) viable for many + N

Temporal contrast (short‑ vs long‑term)

… is only of short‑term relevance / is only temporary,

while … tends to … in the long run.

Mitigation contrast (issue → solution)

This [problem/concern/exploitation] could be mitigated by + V‑ing …,

thereby + V‑ing … / minimising …



Step‑by‑step writing recipe

1. State the weak idea again in one clause.
2. Insert antithesis clause using one model above.
3. Give a brief explanation / parenthesis → optional but strengthens logic.

🔑 One or two antithesis sentence(s) is/are enough; clarity beats length.

G. Lưu ý về Vấn đề liên kết câu

Bài viết đạt CC band 7 yêu cầu các câu trong đoạn cần được liên kết bởi đa dạng cohesive devices, bao gồm (1) linking words, (2) referencing, (3) complex structures:

1. Linking words

Các linking words có thể tạm chia làm 2 nhóm

Nhóm 1: Linking words để giới thiệu idea

1️⃣ 1st SUPPORTING IDEA

• Regarding the former, S + V

• Chief among these is that S + V

• Perhaps one of these is that S + V

• Perhaps the most obvious point is that S + V

etc.

2️⃣ 2nd SUPPORTING IDEA

• Another point worth mentioning is that S + V

• Another point that should be considered is that S + V

etc.

3️⃣ OTHERS

• Regarding the first / second N,

• Concerning the first / second N,

• As far as the first / second N is concerned,

• Looking at the first / second N,

• The first / second N is that S + V

etc.

4️⃣ LEXIS – “N” CÓ THỂ LÀ

• point | argument | idea
• benefit | advantage
• drawback | disadvantage
• cause | reason
• problem | issue
• solution | measure

etc.

💡 Ví dụ minh hoạ

Tình huống	Đoạn ví dụ ngắn (In-context)
Giới thiệu ý 1	“Public smoking should be banned, for reasons related to health and fire hazards. Regarding the former, smoking is a major contributory factor to several diseases.” (Regarding the former chỉ được sử dụng khi câu trước đó có liệt kê 2 ý, và mình đang muốn refer to the first idea) Or “There are a number of reasons why I believe public smoking should be prohibited. Chief among these is that smoking is a major contributory factor to several diseases.” Or “There are a number of reasons why I believe public smoking should be prohibited. First, smoking is a major contributory factor to several diseases.”
Giới thiệu ý 2	“… has negative health effects. Another point worth mentioning is that it also causes considerable economic losses due to healthcare expenditure.”
Dùng “N-based”	“We can identify two chief reasons for this phenomenon. Concerning the first reason, many commuters prefer cars for convenience.”

Nhóm linking words để phát triển ideas

LINKING WORDS – EXPAND

──────────────────────

• Specifically, S + V.

• In fact, S + V. (*chỉ dùng để nêu một thực tế*)

• This is because S + V.

• The explanation for this is that S + V.

• The reason for this is that S + V.

etc.

LINKING WORDS – EXAMPLE

───────────────────────

• …, for example | for instance, …

• For example, … / For instance, …

• By way of illustration, S + V

• An illustration for this is that S + V

• A case in point is (that) …

• Evidence for this can be seen in [countries, cities, places] where S + V

etc.

LINKING WORDS – OTHERS

──────────────────────

CAUSE & EFFECT

• As a result, S + V.

• Therefore, S + V.

• Consequently, S + V.

etc.

CONTRAST

• Nevertheless, S + V.

• Nonetheless, S + V.

• However, S + V.

etc.

2. Referencing

Tư duy sử dụng: A => B. B => C. (B là referencing để nhắc lại thông tin câu trước)

Tool 1: S - V. This + Verb pattern (verb pattern là các động từ chỉ nhân quả như lead to, result in, allow, enable, cause, make, prevent, …)

Ví dụ:

Idea: Eat too much fast food => gain weight => be at risk of chronic diseases.

Flow hoàn chỉnh: Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight. This can cause them to be at risk of chronic diseases.

Tool 2: S - V. This/These/Such + Noun(s)

• Repetition

Many advertisements use exaggeration techniques. Such techniques may deceive customers and encourage them to purchase products of low quality.

• Synonym

The government should quickly carry out measures to prevent people from leaving rural areas. These steps are essential to maintain a sufficient number of agricultural workers.

(Dùng These steps, synonyms của measures, để nhắc lại measures câu trước)

• Word form (nominalisation)

The government should provide schools in rural areas with better facilities and more well-qualified teachers. Such provision can significantly improve the quality of teaching in these areas. (chuyển provide ở câu trước thành danh từ provision => Dùng such provision để nhắc lại)

Some companies may exaggerate their products via advertisements. Such exaggerations may deceive customers and encourage them to purchase products of low quality. (chuyển exaggerate ở câu trước thành danh từ exaggeration => Dùng such exaggerations để nhắc lại)

• Generalisation (This + [category])

Combustion of fossil fuels yields carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. These gases are considered as a contributing factor to global warming. (Dùng These gases để nhắc lại carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide)

The government should prohibit people from gathering during the pandemic. This measure can help alleviate the problem. (Dùng This measure để nhắc lại prohibit people from gathering during the pandemic)

3. Complex structures

Mô hình này sử dụng Complex structure để nối C vào câu A => B ở trước. Một số cấu trúc thường được dùng như

Hệ quả

• S - V, which + V.
• S - V, (adverb) Ving. (các adverb như thereby, thus, potentially, possibly, …)
• S - V, and therefore/thus S - V
• S - V, which means that S - V.
• S - V, meaning that S - V.

etc.

Nguyên nhân

• S - V because/since/as S - V
• S - V due to/thanks to/because of N

etc.

Tương phản

• Although SV, SV. // SV although SV.
• Despite N, SV. // SV despite N.
• While SV, SV. // SV while SV.

Etc.

Lưu ý: học sinh nên sử dụng đa dạng cấu trúc trong bài viết.

Ví dụ:

Idea: Eat too much fast food => gain weight => be at risk of chronic diseases.

Flow hoàn chỉnh:

• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, meaning that they are at risk of chronic diseases.
• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, which means that they are at risk of chronic diseases.
• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, and therefore they are at risk of chronic diseases.
• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, potentially causing them to be at risk of chronic diseases.

III. Đưa nhận xét và cải thiện

Bạn cần đưa nhận xét và cải thiện cho các phần sau

Câu 1: Paraphrase the introduction.

• Kiểm tra xem người viết có paraphrase đủ thông tin trong đề hay không => nếu không thì cần bổ sung
• Kiểm tra xem người viết có sử dụng những cách paraphrase đã học hay không => nếu không thì gợi ý

Suggest một câu Rewrite mẫu (nhớ sử dụng các công cụ paraphrase đã được nhắc đến ở phần trước)

Câu 2: Kiểm tra xem câu này có giải quyết đủ 2 phần Task trong câu hỏi (chưa cần phải đi vào chi tiết) => nếu thiếu thì cần bổ sung

Body paragraph 1:

Câu 3: Kiểm tra xem có câu topic sentence chưa => Nếu có và đúng rồi thì thôi, nếu chưa thì comment bổ sung

Đối với các flow idea trong đoạn bạn cần check các vấn đề sau

• Nếu A/B không có Topic => không có liên kết với đề => phải suggest người viết bổ sung vào

• Nếu A/B không có Idea => idea chưa được làm rõ => phải suggest người viết bổ sung vào

• KIểm tra xem học sinh có áp dụng linearthinking để viết theo các linear model hay không? Nếu phần [Specify A] => [Specify B] không liên kết với A => B thì phải chỉ ra rằng người viết chưa thực sự linear => phải suggest người viết sử dụng tư duy specify làm rõ thông A => B để có được câu phát triển idea [Specify A] => [Specify B] theo kiểu Expand hoặc Example

• Nếu không mắc các lỗi trên và thỏa mãn được một flow idea điển hình thì có thể suggest thêm cách để cải thiện flow cho chi tiết hơn theo các linear model

Đưa ra comment ở cuối body paragraph 1

Body paragraph 2: Tương tự body paragraph 1

Conclusion: Kiểm tra xem

• Người viết Tóm tắt lại các câu trả lời cho 2 câu hỏi chưa => Nếu chưa đủ hoặc chung chung thì cần bổ sung và cụ thể hơn
• Nguời viết không nên giới thiệu thêm thông tin không liên quan => Nếu có thì suggest bỏ đi

Bạn nhớ check thêm cách dùng từ vựng => nếu sai thì sửa nhé (bổ sung phần nhận xét này vào từng câu, sau những nhận xét chính trước khi rewrite luôn

SAMPLE tham khảo

SAMPLE 1

In most countries, fast food is becoming cheaper and more available.

Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

It is true that most countries are witnessing a decrease in the prices of fast food and an increase in its availability. I hold the belief that the drawbacks of this development are far more significant than the benefits involved. The fact that the prices of fast food are reducing and its availability is increasing. One possible advantage is that these foods are sold at cheap prices and served within a few minutes, and some chains such as McDonald’s have opened several drive-through restaurants serving items at around several dollars, meaning that one may not even need to leave the comfort of his car to enjoy a cheap and convenient meal. This can allow people to save money and time, which is suitable for working people with a busy schedule. On the societal level, when more people go to fast-food outlets for their regular meals, businesses selling these foods could expand and thus increase the sales volumes. This expansion of fast food chains might create more job opportunities for local people and result in higher employment rates in this sector. Despite the aforementioned benefits, this trend can have several major downsides. Chief among these is that in the past, traditional meals could be more popular, and it was usually considered to be bonding activities, while nowadays the trend is becoming less prevalent because of the development of fast food. Gradually, this can cause adverse impacts on family eating habits in the long term. The second point to make is that the overconsumption of fast food, in fact, could increase the risk of a large number of various chronic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. Alongside this, chemical substances such as saturated fat and food colorants, which are contained in this kind of convenience food, can accelerate this process. In conclusion, although the fact that fast food is becoming much more affordable and popular can bring certain benefits, I believe that this development.

It is true that most countries are witnessing a decrease in the prices of fast food and an increase in its availability. I hold the belief that the drawbacks of this development are far more significant than the benefits involved. The increasing availability of cheaper fast food can be advantageous in terms of convenience and economy. Regarding the former, these foods are sold at cheap prices and served within a few minutes, and some chains such as McDonald’s have opened several drive-through restaurants serving items at around several dollars, meaning that one may not even need to leave the comfort of his car to enjoy a cheap and convenient meal. This can allow people to save money and time, which is suitable for working people with a busy schedule. On the societal level, when more people go to fast-food outlets for their regular meals, businesses selling these foods could expand and thus increase the sales volumes. This expansion of fast food chains might create more job opportunities for local people and result in higher employment rates in this sector. Despite the aforementioned benefits, this trend can have several major downsides related to traditions and health. Chief among these is that in the past, traditional meals could be more popular, and it was usually considered to be bonding activities, while nowadays the trend is becoming less prevalent because of the development of fast food. Gradually, this can cause adverse impacts on family eating habits in the long term. The second point to make is that the overconsumption of fast food, in fact, could increase the risk of a large number of various chronic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. Alongside this, chemical substances such as saturated fat and food colorants, which are contained in this kind of convenience food, can accelerate this process. In conclusion, the fact that fast food is becoming much more affordable and popular can bring certain benefits for some individuals and the economy. However, I believe that this development is more disadvantageous due to the negative effects on familial bonds and health.

SAMPLE 2

Nowadays people depend on technology for leisure activities.

Is this a positive or negative development?

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

In the contemporary world, technology has become deeply intertwined with how we spend our spare time, giving rise to a debate on whether this reliance is a positive or negative development. This essay will examine the potential negatives while ultimately asserting that the positive aspects of technology in leisure activities are more significant. There are two of the main concerns raised by critics. The first problem is that individuals may indulge themselves in passive leisure activities such as streaming movies or playing video games, leading to a sedentary lifestyle. This lack of physical activity can contribute to various health issues, including obesity, cardiovascular problems, and musculoskeletal disorders. Secondly, when we rely on technology for leisure activities, there are potential sources of distraction that can detract from our overall experience. For example, for those who spend their free time reading on phones or tablets, they may find themselves constantly interrupted by the constant bombardment of incoming messages, social media notifications, and email alerts. Despite these disadvantages, the advantages of technology in leisure activities ultimately outshine the negatives. First, this trend offers a vast array of options for recreation. This means that people can embrace modern devices to stream movies, listen to music, play immersive video games, and engage in virtual experiences, thereby enriching their leisure opportunities. Moreover, technology has enabled the democratization of creativity, empowering individuals to create and share their own content, which can foster a culture of innovation and self-expression. With the advent of `TikTok, for example, anyone with a smartphone can become a content creator and showcase their talents, ideas, and creativity to a global audience. In conclusion, although there are valid concerns about the detrimental impacts of technology, I firmly believe that the advantages it brings are far more significant.

In the contemporary world, technology has become deeply intertwined with how we spend our spare time, giving rise to a debate on whether this reliance is a positive or negative development. This essay will examine the potential negatives while ultimately asserting that the positive aspects of technology in leisure activities are more significant. Two of the main concerns raised by critics are health-related issues and the failure to concentrate. Regarding the former, individuals may indulge themselves in passive leisure activities such as streaming movies or playing video games, leading to a sedentary lifestyle. This lack of physical activity can contribute to various health issues, including obesity, cardiovascular problems, and musculoskeletal disorders. Secondly, when we rely on technology for leisure activities, there are potential sources of distraction that can detract from our overall experience. For example, for those who spend their free time reading on phones or tablets, they may find themselves constantly interrupted by the constant bombardment of incoming messages, social media notifications, and email alerts. Despite these disadvantages, the advantages of technology in leisure activities ultimately outshine the negatives. First, this trend offers a vast array of options for recreation. This means that people can embrace modern devices to stream movies, listen to music, play immersive video games, and engage in virtual experiences, thereby enriching their leisure opportunities. Moreover, technology has enabled the democratization of creativity, empowering individuals to create and share their own content, which can foster a culture of innovation and self-expression. With the advent of `TikTok, for example, anyone with a smartphone can become a content creator and showcase their talents, ideas, and creativity to a global audience. In conclusion, although there are valid concerns about the detrimental impacts of technology on the health of users and their ability to focus, the range of choices and creativity offered by technology in leisure can contribute to a more enriched lifestyle. As such, I firmly believe that the advantages it brings are far more significant.

SAMPLE 3

People in the community can buy cheaper products nowadays. What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

It is true that people in the modern world can purchase items at lower prices. Doing this can be both beneficial and harmful. There are several advantages to buying cheaper goods. Firstly, essential items such as household appliances and electronic devices have lower prices. Therefore, they will be more affordable to the majority of the population, which enables people to save a lot of money spent on these items. This allows them to allot this amount of money to other important aspects of life such as healthcare or education in order to improve their life’s quality. In addition, when nutritious food products become cheaper, low-income families can more easily afford such food. This means that the children in these families are better nourished and less likely to suffer from malnutrition, which can ensure their healthy development. On the other hand, choosing low-priced options when shopping brings certain drawbacks. One disadvantage could be that companies which want to lower the price of their products often reduce the cost spent on manufacturing. This means that they use unverified materials and skip important quality check stages. As a result, products produced in this way may pose a threat to consumers’ health. For example, cheap cosmetics can contain toxic chemicals, which may cause irreversible skin damage to various consumers. Secondly, due to the low prices of certain products such as plastic bags and water bottles, people are not hesitant to throw away these items even when they are still usable. This increases the amount of garbage discarded daily, which seriously pollutes the Earth. In conclusion, while opting for inexpensive products can be beneficial, it also has several drawbacks.

It is true that people in the modern world can purchase items at lower prices. Doing this can be both beneficial and harmful. Buying cheaper goods can offer a sense of affordability and better diets. Firstly, essential items such as household appliances and electronic devices have lower prices. Therefore, they will be more affordable to the majority of the population, which enables people to save a lot of money spent on these items. This allows them to allot this amount of money to other important aspects of life such as healthcare or education in order to improve their life’s quality. In addition, when nutritious food products become cheaper, low-income families can more easily afford such food. This means that the children in these families are better nourished and less likely to suffer from malnutrition, which can ensure their healthy development. On the other hand, choosing low-priced options when shopping can give rise to exploitation and environmental issues. One disadvantage could be that companies which want to lower the price of their products often reduce the cost spent on manufacturing. This means that they use unverified materials and skip important quality check stages. As a result, products produced in this way may pose a threat to consumers’ health. For example, cheap cosmetics can contain toxic chemicals, which may cause irreversible skin damage to various consumers. Secondly, due to the low prices of certain products such as plastic bags and water bottles, people are not hesitant to throw away these items even when they are still usable. This increases the amount of garbage discarded daily, which seriously pollutes the Earth. In conclusion, while opting for inexpensive products can be beneficial in terms of affordability and nutrition, it also has several negative effects on the labour force and the environment.

SAMPLE 4

The use of social media , such as Facebook and Twitter, is replacing face-to-face interaction among many people in society.

Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of this development?

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

As social media platforms continue to grow, real life interaction is being replaced. Although this can be disadvantageous in some situations, the advantages involved are far more significant. It is undeniable that the replacement of face to face communication with social media can be harmful to a certain extent. One disadvantage could be that online communication may lack the depth and emotional connection. This is because those who primarily use social media often rely on text-based communication and the use of emoji. This mode of communication lacks important factors in maintaining a conversation such as eye contact and facial expressions, thereby preventing a person from connecting with others in a deep and meaningful way. The second drawback is that social media tends to show distorted images of an individual’s lives. In fact, social media users often only showcase their best sides online, and try to hide the sides that they do not want the public to know about. Nevertheless, using social media for interaction can be more beneficial for several reasons. Chief among these is by using social media networks, people can communicate with other users regardless of their locations. For instance, Facebook and similar platforms enable families spread across different continents to stay in touch and share important life events in real-time, which can strengthen the bonds between people. Another advantage is that social media provides a platform for networking and professional development. Sites such as LinkedIn, along with Facebook and Twitter, have become invaluable tools for job seekers, employers, and professionals looking to expand their networks. These platforms facilitate connections that might not occur through traditional face-to-face interactions, thereby opening up new opportunities for career growth and collaboration. In conclusion, while the tendency to communicate via social media instead of talking in person can have some drawbacks, I think that benefits brought about are of greater importance.

As social media platforms continue to grow, real life interaction is being replaced. Although this can be disadvantageous in some situations, the advantages involved are far more significant. It is undeniable that the replacement of face to face communication with social media can be harmful to human connections and the depiction of one’s lives. Regarding the former, online communication may lack the depth and emotional connection. This is because those who primarily use social media often rely on text-based communication and the use of emoji. This mode of communication lacks important factors in maintaining a conversation such as eye contact and facial expressions, thereby preventing a person from connecting with others in a deep and meaningful way. The second drawback is that social media tends to show distorted images of an individual’s lives. In fact, social media users often only showcase their best sides online, and try to hide the sides that they do not want the public to know about. Nevertheless, using social media for interaction can be more beneficial in terms of distant and online communication. Chief among these is by using social media networks, people can communicate with other users regardless of their locations. For instance, Facebook and similar platforms enable families spread across different continents to stay in touch and share important life events in real-time, which can strengthen the bonds between people. Another advantage is that social media provides a platform for networking and professional development. Sites such as LinkedIn, along with Facebook and Twitter, have become invaluable tools for job seekers, employers, and professionals looking to expand their networks. These platforms facilitate connections that might not occur through traditional face-to-face interactions, thereby opening up new opportunities for career growth and collaboration. In conclusion, while the tendency to communicate via social media instead of talking in person can have some drawbacks related to deeper connections and unrealistic expectations, I think that benefits, such as enhanced communication and career growth, are of greater importance.

SAMPLE 5 - Sample có Antithesis (Solutions)

Many museums charge for admission while others are free.

Do you think the advantages of charging people for admission to museums outweigh the disadvantages?

Several museums impose an admission charge while others do not. This essay argues that the drawbacks are eclipsed by the benefits involved because imposing such a charge, despite leading to a decrease in the number of visitors, can help museums to generate more revenues for further development.

The main disadvantage is that high entrance fees may exclude a substantial proportion of the population. Some may say that museums offer a source of inspiration and education for creative industries such as arts and therefore should be free for all members of the public. Introducing a charge, thus, can deter potential visitors, depriving them of theiropportunities to enjoy and learn from the exhibitions. Perhaps the group most affected by such a charge would be students majoring arts or history as well as people with a low income. Nevertheless, I think that this can be solved by a flexible charging scheme that does not levy charges on certain days of week, which can allow this group of citizens to have free access to museums.

In my opinion, the benefits of levying an entrance fee are more significant because money generated from such a fee can allow for sustainable development of museums. This is of great importance since various museums are not funded by the governments and their operation totally depends on money raised from exhibitions. Coupled with this is that institutions need to expand and adapt to museumgoers’ insights and taste in order to attract more visitors, which can require a huge investment. This is why several famous museums such as the Louvre have to rely on entrance fees to stay open.

In conclusion, although introducing entrance fees would lead to a decline in attendance figures, a stable source of income is favourable to museums in terms of operation. As such, I believe this practice, on the whole, is more advantageous.

SAMPLE 6 - Sample có Antithesis kiểu Quantifier Contrast (few/Many)

Children’s education is expensive. In many countries, governments pay education fees for children. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Children’s tuition fees can be quite high in some countries and therefore are paid by their governments. I am of the opinion that the disadvantages of such financial aid are eclipsed by the beneficial effects that it can produce.

The idea of public bodies financing children’s education can be detrimental in terms of the indoctrination of children. The reason for this is that the government can propagandize young students and teach them a biased or false version of history. An extreme example of this is North Korea where the authorities use education as a means of instilling blind nationalism into their citizens and creating a perception that the government is always right and has the ultimate power. This phenomenon, however, only emerges in a few particular nations, and its impacts seem to be less significant compared to North Korea.

In my opinion, the benefits of this aid are of greater importance partly because it helps ease the financial burden and partly because it improves the future employability of several people. With regard to the former, this financial support will greatly benefit children whose parents fail to meet the cost. Some charities and organizations may as well provide help to a certain extent, but their contributions would be limited. On a societal level, eliminating school fees allows every child to gain access to basic education which may equip them with fundamental knowledge and skills to enter the labor market after graduating.

In conclusion, although a few governments may use free education as a tool of false propaganda, waiving tuition fees for children would alleviate the burden on their parents and enhance their career prospects. Therefore, I hold the belief that the advantages of this development clearly overshadow the drawbacks involved.

SAMPLE 7 - Sample có Antithesis kiểu Temporal contrast (Short-term // Long-term)

Fossil fuels are the main sources in many countries, but in some countries the use of alternative sources of energy such as solar power is encouraged.

Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

Although several countries still rely heavily on conventional fuels for their energy needs, others are giving encouragement to renewable sources of energy. I believe that these sources, despite their costs, are more advantageous since they are more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

The main disadvantage of non-conventional types of energy is related to their initial costs. In fact, for countries whose main sources of energy are still conventional ones, it could require a large sum of money to establish and install various types of renewable energy. The installation of wind turbines, for example, may cost millions of dollars, making them prohibitively expensive for certain regions. However, I think that this concern is only of short-term relevance since this cost is only paid initially while using such types of energy tends to be economical in the long run since it helps consumers save money on electricity bills, meaning that the issue of cost is not significant in my opinion.

Nevertheless, promoting a shift towards alternative sources of energy can be more beneficial in terms of environment and sustainability. Concerning the environmental aspect, the fact that several countries still rely on fossil fuels as their main sources of power have been giving rise to several environmental issues such as the increasing level of emissions. If more countries switch to alternative power sources, global emissions can substantially decrease, which can ultimately slow down the process of climate change and therefore alleviate the worldwide impacts of this process. Regarding the second advantage, renewable sources are naturally replenished while fossil fuels may become depleted due to overexploitation. This means that shifting towards the former can satisfy the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own demands.

In conclusion, while alternative sources of power can be expensive at first, they will be a long-term solution to the control of environmental issues of our communities. As such, I am of the opinion that this is a positive development in general.

Writing Task 2 - Dạng Agree - Disagree

I. Dạng đề:

Thường đề của IELTS có cấu trúc như sau:

• Topic: thường đây là câu đầu tiên của đề, nói về chủ đề tổng mà người viết cần phải viết về
• Task: Đây là phần yêu cầu của đề và người viết cần phải trả lời đầy đủ phần này

Dạng Agree-Disagree có yêu cầu sau

“To what extent do you agree or disagree”

=> Người viết phải thể hiện quan điểm cá nhân một cách rõ ràng, không được mập mờ.

Trên lớp học sinh được dạy 2 hướng trả lời:

• Hướng One side: I strongly agree/disagree with this suggestion for several reasons. (Người viết hoàn toàn thiên về một bên agree hoặc disagree và chỉ discuss về 1 side này mà thôi)
• Hướng Both sides: (Người viết bàn luận về quan điểm 1 side nhưng vẫn thiên về 1 side còn lại) cách này sẽ có 2 options:
• While I acknowledge the logic behind this suggestion, I still strongly disagree with it. (Tôi hiểu tại sao một số người lại đề nghị như vậy, nhưng tôi vẫn không đồng ý)
• While some may voice certain valid concerns about this suggestion, I still strongly agree with it. (Một số người có thể quan ngại về suggestion này, nhưng tôi vẫn hoàn toàn đồng ý với nó)

Ví dụ sai: While I agree with this suggestion, I still disagree with it for several reasons. (câu này đọc vào không rõ là người viết agree hay disagree)

Ví dụ sai: I partially agree with this suggestion. (Không rõ partially là như thế nào)

Ví dụ tốt:

• I strongly agree with this suggestion for several reasons (có thể thấy rất clear là người viết thiên về một bên => có thể hiểu người viết strongly agree với quan điểm này)
• While I acknowledge the logic behind this suggestion, I still strongly disagree with it. (Câu này cho thấy tác giả sẽ examine luận điểm đằng sau lời đề nghị nhưng tác giả vẫn không đồng ý => Quan điểm rất clear)

II. Kiến thức dạy:

Tại DOL, Học sinh được dạy viết theo Linear framework theo bố cục bài viết bao gồm 4 đoạn, gồm 13-14 câu. Có 2 kiểu Linear framework, học sinh được phép chọn 1 trong 2 kiểu.

A. Linear Framework kiểu General

Option 1: one side

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is often believed that …

2. Thesis: This essay strongly agrees|disagrees with this suggestion for several reasons

Hoặc

• This essay strongly agrees/disagrees with this suggestion as now will be discussed.
• I strongly agree/disagree with this suggestion for several reasons.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu lý do đầu tiên (Point 1)

4. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

7. Mini Conclusion: Chốt lại Point 1

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu lý do đầu tiên (Point 2)

9. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

10. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

12. Mini Conclusion: Chốt lại Point 2

Conclusion: 13/14. In conclusion, I totally|entirely agree|disagree that S + V given the aforementioned arguments.

Option 2: both sides - không có Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is often believed that …

2. Thesis: While I (may) acknowledge the logic behind this suggestion, I still strongly disagree with it.

hoặc

• Although there are some valid arguments for this view, I still strongly disagree with it.
• While some may voice certain valid concerns about this suggestion, I still strongly agree with it. (Một số người có thể quan ngại về suggestion này, nhưng tôi vẫn hoàn toàn đồng ý với nó)
• While there may be certain arguments against this suggestion, I still wholeheartedly agree with it for several reasons.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu quan điểm đầu tiên

4. Point 1: Giới thiệu argument 1 của quan điểm này

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Giới thiệu argument 2 của quan điểm này

7. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Khẳng định rằng mình thiên về quan điểm thứ 2

9. Point 1: Nêu lý do thứ 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Nêu lý do thứ 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. In conclusion, it is understandable why some may argue that [quan điểm 1]. However, I would take the view that [quan điểm 2].

Option 3: both sides // Body 1 có 2 ideas và kết thúc với Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is often believed that …

2. Thesis: While I (may) acknowledge the logic behind this suggestion, I still strongly disagree with it.

hoặc

• Although there are some valid arguments for this view, I still strongly disagree with it.
• While some may voice certain valid concerns about this suggestion, I still strongly agree with it. (Một số người có thể quan ngại về suggestion này, nhưng tôi vẫn hoàn toàn đồng ý với nó)
• While there may be certain arguments against this suggestion, I still wholeheartedly agree with it for several reasons.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu quan điểm đầu tiên

4. Point 1: Giới thiệu argument 1 của quan điểm này

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Giới thiệu argument 2 của quan điểm này

7. Antithesis for Point 2: State and explain why this point is not significant

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Khẳng định rằng mình thiên về quan điểm thứ 2

9. Point 1: Nêu lý do thứ 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Nêu lý do thứ 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. In conclusion, it is understandable why some may argue that [quan điểm 1]. However, I would take the view that [quan điểm 2].

Option 4: both sides // Body 1 có duy nhất 1 idea và kết thúc với Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is often believed that …

2. Thesis: While I (may) acknowledge the logic behind this suggestion, I still strongly disagree with it.

hoặc

• Although there are some valid arguments for this view, I still strongly disagree with it.
• While some may voice certain valid concerns about this suggestion, I still strongly agree with it. (Một số người có thể quan ngại về suggestion này, nhưng tôi vẫn hoàn toàn đồng ý với nó)
• While there may be certain arguments against this suggestion, I still wholeheartedly agree with it for several reasons.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu quan điểm đầu tiên + lập luận duy nhất A => B

4. Expand: specify A => specify B

5. Example: specify A => specify B (phải specific hơn câu expand)

6+7. Antithesis: State and explain why this point is not significant

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Khẳng định rằng mình thiên về quan điểm thứ 2

9. Point 1: Nêu lý do thứ 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Nêu lý do thứ 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. In conclusion, it is understandable why some may argue that [quan điểm 1]. However, I would take the view that [quan điểm 2].

B. Linear Framework kiểu Specific

Option 1: one side

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is often believed that …

2. Thesis: This essay strongly agrees|disagrees with this suggestion for several reasons.

Hoặc

• This essay strongly agrees/disagrees with this suggestion as now will be discussed.
• I strongly agree/disagree with this suggestion for several reasons.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu lý do đầu tiên (Point 1)

4. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

7. Mini Conclusion: Chốt lại Point 1

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu lý do đầu tiên (Point 2)

9. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

10. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

12. Mini Conclusion: Chốt lại Point 2

Conclusion: 13/14. In conclusion, I totally|entirely agree|disagree that S + V because [Point 1] and [Point 2] (tóm tắt quan điểm và tóm tắt cả 2 Point).

Option 2: both sides - không có Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is often believed that …

2. Thesis: While I (may) acknowledge the logic behind this suggestion, I still strongly disagree with it.

hoặc

• Although there are some valid arguments for this view, I still strongly disagree with it.
• While some may voice certain valid concerns about this suggestion, I still strongly agree with it. (Một số người có thể quan ngại về suggestion này, nhưng tôi vẫn hoàn toàn đồng ý với nó)
• While there may be certain arguments against this suggestion, I still wholeheartedly agree with it for several reasons.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu quan điểm đầu tiên + giới thiệu ngắn gọn các argument

4. Point 1: Giới thiệu argument 1 của quan điểm này

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Giới thiệu argument 2 của quan điểm này

7. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Khẳng định rằng mình thiên về quan điểm thứ 2 + giới thiệu ngắn gọn lý do

9. Point 1: Nêu lý do thứ 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Nêu lý do thứ 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. Cần include các thông tin sau

• Tóm tắt quan điểm 1 và các argument của quan điểm này
• Khẳng định lại tại sao mình ủng hộ quan điểm 2 và tóm tắt lại lý do

Option 3: both sides - Body Paragraph 1 có 2 ideas và kết thúc bằng Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is often believed that …

2. Thesis: While I (may) acknowledge the logic behind this suggestion, I still strongly disagree with it.

hoặc

• Although there are some valid arguments for this view, I still strongly disagree with it.
• While some may voice certain valid concerns about this suggestion, I still strongly agree with it. (Một số người có thể quan ngại về suggestion này, nhưng tôi vẫn hoàn toàn đồng ý với nó)
• While there may be certain arguments against this suggestion, I still wholeheartedly agree with it for several reasons.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu quan điểm đầu tiên + giới thiệu ngắn gọn các argument

4. Point 1: Giới thiệu argument 1 của quan điểm này

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Giới thiệu argument 2 của quan điểm này

7. Antithesis for Point 2: State and explain why this point is not significant

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Khẳng định rằng mình thiên về quan điểm thứ 2 + giới thiệu ngắn gọn lý do

9. Point 1: Nêu lý do thứ 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Nêu lý do thứ 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. Cần include các thông tin sau

• Tóm tắt quan điểm 1 và các argument của quan điểm này
• Khẳng định lại tại sao mình ủng hộ quan điểm 2 và tóm tắt lại lý do

Option 4: both sides - Body Paragraph 1 có duy nhất 1 idea và kết thúc bằng Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: It is often believed that …

2. Thesis: While I (may) acknowledge the logic behind this suggestion, I still strongly disagree with it.

hoặc

• Although there are some valid arguments for this view, I still strongly disagree with it.
• While some may voice certain valid concerns about this suggestion, I still strongly agree with it. (Một số người có thể quan ngại về suggestion này, nhưng tôi vẫn hoàn toàn đồng ý với nó)
• While there may be certain arguments against this suggestion, I still wholeheartedly agree with it for several reasons.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu quan điểm đầu tiên + lập luận duy nhất A => B

4. Expand: specify A => specify B

5. Example: specify A => specify B (phải specific hơn câu expand)

6+7. Antithesis: State and explain why this point is not significant

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Khẳng định rằng mình thiên về quan điểm thứ 2 + giới thiệu ngắn gọn lý do

9. Point 1: Nêu lý do thứ 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Nêu lý do thứ 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. Cần include các thông tin sau

• Tóm tắt quan điểm 1 và các argument của quan điểm này
• Khẳng định lại tại sao mình ủng hộ quan điểm 2 và tóm tắt lại lý do

Lưu ý về language sử dụng trong tất cả các Linear Framework ở trên

Học sinh được quyền sử dụng các synonyms được liệt kê trong bảng sau. Nếu học sinh sử dụng đúng, AI tuyệt đối không được đề nghị thay đổi

Các từ vựng để nêu ra quan điểm cá nhân * I believe that = I think that = I take the view that = I hold the belief that = I am of the opinion that = I would argue that …
Các từ vựng để thể hiện sự đồng ý * Agree = be in agreement with = support
Các từ vựng để thể hiện sự phản đối * Disagree = be in disagreement with = oppose = object to

C. Giải thích cụ thể các Linear Framework

Đoạn 1: Intro

Câu 1: Paraphrase the topic - người viết bắt buộc phải paraphrase đủ thông tin trong Topic. Người viết đã học cách paraphrase trên lớp như sau:

• Thay đổi sentence structure (Đổi Subject mới sẽ giúp sentence structure thay đổi hoàn toàn)
• Thay đổi word/phrase theo một trong các cách sau:
• Synonyms
• Word forms (đổi verb ⇔ adjectives ⇔ nouns)
• Definition:
• Dùng relative clause để định nghĩa một adjective (adjective + NOUN ⇔ NOUN + relative clause)
• Dùng Noun clause để paraphrase một noun/noun phrase

Câu 2 = Câu Thesis: Phải giải quyết đúng yêu cầu phần Task (thể hiện rõ quan điểm cá nhân như đã mô tả ở phần I. nếu quan điểm không rõ, ba phải, mập mờ thì phải sửa)

Cấu trúc câu Thesis đúng học sinh được dạy:

One side:

• This essay strongly agrees|disagrees with this suggestion for several reasons
• This essay strongly agrees with this suggestion as now will be discussed

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

Both sides

• While I acknowledge the logic behind this suggestion, I still strongly disagree with it. (Tôi hiểu tại sao một số người lại đề nghị như vậy, nhưng tôi vẫn không đồng ý)
• Although there are some valid arguments for this view, I still strongly disagree with it.
• While some may voice certain valid concerns about this suggestion, I still strongly agree with it. (Một số người có thể quan ngại về suggestion này, nhưng tôi vẫn hoàn toàn đồng ý với nó)
• While there may be certain arguments against this suggestion, I still wholeheartedly agree with it for several reasons.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

Lưu ý:

• Học sinh không cần phải giới thiệu cụ thể các point/luận điểm ở câu này.
• Nếu học sinh đã sử dụng đúng cấu trúc được dạy thì tuyệt đối không được phép chấm sai và sửa.

Đoạn 2 và 3: Body Paragraph 1 và 2 Giải quyết các phần Arguments For hoặc Argument Against. Bố cục đoạn có thể theo 2 lựa chọn sau

Lựa chọn 1: (đoạn có 2 ideas)

Câu 3: Câu topic sentence để giới thiệu tổng quan về nội dung đoạn

Câu 4: Giới thiệu Idea 1

Câu 5: Phát triển Idea 1 (người viết có thể giải thích hoặc nêu ví dụ)

Câu 6: Giới thiệu Idea 2

Câu 7: Phát triển Idea 2 (người viết có thể giải thích hoặc nêu ví dụ)

Lựa chọn 2: (đoạn có 1 idea)

Câu 3: Câu topic sentence giới thiệu idea duy nhất

Câu 4, 5, 6 tập trung Phát triển Idea ở câu 3

Câu 7: chốt lại point này

Đối với câu Topic sentence, người viết được quyền viết theo 2 kiểu trong 2 framework

• Theo Linear Framework kiểu General: Those who support fast food may have several arguments
• Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific: Those who support fast food may emphasize its benefits related to cost and time.

Nếu học viên viết đúng 1 trong 2 kiểu thì chấp nhận, không được quyền chấm sai và sửa.

Đoạn 4: Conclusion

• Tóm tắt lại quan điểm cá nhân và các ý tưởng đã trình bày.
• Không giới thiệu thêm thông tin không liên quan

Người viết được quyền viết theo 2 kiểu trong 2 framework:

Ví dụ:

• Theo Linear Framework kiểu General: In conclusion, it is understandable why some people may argue that fast food has several advantages. However, I hold the belief that it carries more significant drawbacks. (Option này vẫn được nếu đây là một người viết band thấp)
• Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific: In conclusion, it is understandable why some people may argue that fast food is beneficial since it is cheap and convenient. However, I hold the belief that it carries more significant drawbacks related to health and traditions. (tóm tắt lại cụ thể thông tin đã viết trong bài)

D. So sánh sự khác nhau của 2 option: One side và Both sides

Dưới đây là 2 samples được viết cho cùng 1 chủ đề theo 2 options khác nhau. Cùng đọc và so sánh nhé:

Life was better when technology was simpler. To what extent do you agree and disagree?

One side

Both sides

It is argued that our lives were more fulfilling when technology was less complex. I completely disagree with this statement and believe that technological developments have made life much better in several ways. The first argument given to support my position is that several household appliances that have been invented have made our daily lives much less laborious and have given us more free time. This is because jobs that require lots of energy and time can now be automatically performed by labor-saving devices. For example, washing machines have freed millions of people from the exhausting task of washing clothes on a daily basis while programmable microwave ovens have helped countless homecooks accelerate the process of preparing their daily meals. This is why I believe that these inventions have all together transformed our material existence, thereby increasing our quality of life. Another point worth mentioning is that those who have Internet connections may gain access to different sources of knowledge regardless of geographical barriers. In the past, students had to heavily depend on their instructors and physical copies of essential materials for their education, but now learners, no matter where they live, can actively search for whatever takes their interests thanks to the Internet. The advent of various virtual learning platforms, for instance, has been allowing a lot of learners around the globe to participate in a variety of courses not available in their areas. For this reason, I think that communication technologies such as the Internet play a vital role in expanding our knowledge. In conclusion, I believe that life has been greatly improved by technological advancements partly because of the inventions of labour-saving equipment and partly because of the information provided by the internet.

It is sometimes believed that our lives were more fulfilling when technology was less complex. Despite acknowledging the reasoning behind this perspective, I am still of the opinion that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, and it is our responsibility to use technology to improve our lives. Advocates of this view may point to authentic interactions and self development. They may argue that in the past, when communication technology was not common and developed, face-to-face interactions were the norm, and people were often more genuine and vulnerable with each other. This deeper level of connection is often considered more fulfilling than the superficial interactions that can sometimes occur in today’s digital world. Another possible argument is that people had to develop their own skills and knowledge to complete tasks, rather than relying on machines or technology to do the work for them. This often required creativity and problem-solving skills, which could be beneficial in other areas of life as well. However, I believe that modern technology has significantly improved our lives in various aspects, examples of which are healthcare and information accessibility. Regarding the former, technological advancements have also led to many medical breakthroughs, which have improved the quality of life for many people. Advances in imaging technology, for instance, have allowed doctors to detect and diagnose diseases more accurately and quickly, while new treatments such as gene therapy have shown great promise in treating previously untreatable conditions. Additionally, thanks to computers and other devices, we now have access to an almost limitless amount of information. This has democratized knowledge and entertainment, allowing users to learn about and enjoy a wide range of topics and activities. In conclusion, it is understandable why some may think that people had more genuine relationships and better skills when advanced technology was absent. Nevertheless, I take the view that this development is more beneficial, especially in terms of healthcare breakthroughs and easy access to information.

IMPORTANT: Học sinh được phép viết theo 1 trong 2 options. Nếu học sinh đã viết được 1 trong 2 options thì không được phép chấm sai.

E. So sánh sự khác nhau của 2 nhóm linear framework.

2 nhóm linear framework (General vs Specific) chủ yếu khác nhau ở các câu:

• Câu 3: topic sentence 1
• Câu 8: topic sentence 2
• Câu 13/14: phần kết luận

Cùng đọc 2 samples sau và so sánh

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

Whether or not states should be self-sufficient in food production and limit their imports to a minimum has been a subject of debate. While I acknowledge the benefits of this suggestion, I still disagree with it. Those who believe that countries should produce all their food products may have several arguments. They may well argue that if countries relied more on their own local farmers for food, this would also help their agricultural sector flourish and could ultimately benefit their own internal economy and social stability. Jobs in agriculture, for example, can help to boost local economies, especially in desolate and rural communities, helping to address the inequalities an economy might have. This is why countries such as the USA, despite being the most powerful country in the world economically, still rely on a strong agricultural industry in order to keep their domestic trade balanced. Nevertheless, I have to oppose this opinion for several reasons. Chief among these is that there exist some countries where lands are scarce and their geographical characteristics may not be favourable for agricultural activities. This means that if these countries rely totally on domestic agriculture, there would not be enough produce to feed the entire population, which can be exemplified clearly by the case of Singapore. Concerning the second idea, the policy of self sufficiency is against certain trade agreements which require participating countries to maintain a balance between imports and exports. If a country were to impose a limit on the quantity of imported goods and abandon such agreements, this would lead to conflicts with other nations. In conclusion, I acknowledge that there might be some economic benefits to having a country making its own food. Despite this, I still believe that countries might still need to import their food from overseas.

Whether or not states should be self-sufficient in food production and limit their imports to a minimum has been a subject of debate. While I acknowledge the benefits of this suggestion, I still disagree with it. Those who believe that countries should produce all their food products may point to the benefit this policy may bring to the local economy. They may well argue that if countries relied more on their own local farmers for food, this would also help their agricultural sector flourish and could ultimately benefit their own internal economy and social stability. Jobs in agriculture, for example, can help to boost local economies, especially in desolate and rural communities, helping to address the inequalities an economy might have. This is why countries such as the USA, despite being the most powerful country in the world economically, still rely on a strong agricultural industry in order to keep their domestic trade balanced. Nevertheless, I have to oppose this opinion for reasons related to a lack of natural resources and international trade imbalance. Regarding the former, there exist some countries where lands are scarce and their geographical characteristics may not be favourable for agricultural activities. This means that if these countries rely totally on domestic agriculture, there would not be enough produce to feed the entire population, which can be exemplified clearly by the case of Singapore. Concerning the second idea, the policy of self sufficiency is against certain trade agreements which require participating countries to maintain a balance between imports and exports. If a country were to impose a limit on the quantity of imported goods and abandon such agreements, this would lead to conflicts with other nations. In conclusion, I acknowledge that there might be some economic benefits to having a country making its own food. Despite this, the nature of the modern globalised economy means that countries, especially those suffering from a scarcity of raw materials, might still need to import their food from overseas.

Có thể thấy 2 bài viết theo 2 linear framework chủ yếu khác nhau ở các câu (phần highlighted):

• Câu 3: topic sentence 1
• Câu 8: topic sentence 2
• Câu 13/14: phần kết luận

IMPORTANT: Học sinh được phép viết theo 1 trong 2 kiểu. Nếu học sinh đã viết được 1 trong 2 kiểu thì không được phép chấm sai.

Lưu ý này quan trọng vì trong quá khứ AI thường chấm sai kiểu Linear Framework theo General. Tuyệt đối không được bác bỏ phong cách viết này.

F. Lưu ý về Vấn đề ý tưởng trong các câu 4, 5, 6, 7 và 9, 10, 11, 12.

Học sinh cần phải hiểu khái niệm flow idea (flow idea bao gồm câu giới thiệu idea và câu phát triển)

Một flow idea điển hình gồm: A => … => B

A/B = Topic/Idea (in any order).

Ví dụ: Fast food should be banned. Agree or Disagree

A = Topic = Ban Fast food

B = Idea (argument for banning fast food) = Health risks

Vậy ta có flow idea điển hình: Ban Fast Food => … => Health risks

Từ đó học sinh sẽ áp dụng linear thinking theo các linear model như sau (Học sinh được quyền chọn 1 trong những mô hình này):

Model 01: Expand

Giới thiệu idea: A => B

Phát triển idea: [Specify A] => [Specify B]

Ví dụ đúng:

Giới thiệu idea: Ban fast food => health risks

Phát triển idea: this ban => prevent people from consuming too much fast food => decrease fat and sugar intake + lower the risks of several chronic disease

(Lỗi thường gặp là học sinh không specify đúng thông tin ở câu giới thiệu idea nên dẫn đến việc câu phát triển idea bị off-topic)

Ví dụ sai:

Giới thiệu idea: ban fast food => health risks

Phát triển idea: this ban => prevent people from consuming too much fast food => decrease fat and sugar intake

(Có thể thấy được ở câu phát triển idea chưa có thông tin về Health Risks)

Model 02: Effect

Giới thiệu Idea: A => … => …

Phát triển idea: … => … => B.

(Ở model này A vẫn ở đầu flow, B vẫn ở cuối flow)

Ví dụ đúng:

Giới thiệu idea: ban fast food => decrease fat and sugar intake

Phát triển idea: if this ban is introduced => prevent people from gaining weight uncontrollably and becoming obese => lower the risks of several chronic diseases

Ví dụ sai:

Giới thiệu idea: ban fast food => decrease fat and sugar intake

Phát triển idea: if this ban is introduced => prevent people from gaining weight uncontrollably and becoming obese => lower the risks of several chronic diseases => make them feel more beautiful and confident in expressing themselves + improve their life prospects

(Có thể thấy thông tin “make them feel more beautiful and confident in expressing themselves + improve their life prospects” đã đi lệch khỏi B ban đầu (health risks) => phần này sẽ bị tính là lệch khỏi flow và nên được lược bỏ)

Model 03: Example

Giới thiệu idea: A => B

Phát triển idea: [Specify A] => [Specify B]

(lưu ý là phần Specify của Model 03 Example phải cụ thể hơn Model 01 Expand)

Ví dụ: →

Giới thiệu idea: fast food => health risks

Phát triển idea: the availability of fast food in the US => has been linked with an increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.

Lưu ý: Các ví dụ trong IELTS nên là các fact, các examples được lấy từ đời sống hàng ngày và dễ relate to.

AI tuyệt đối không gợi ý học sinh trích dẫn Study/Reports hoặc dẫn Số liệu (data/figures) để chứng minh cho luận điểm. Điều này là do trong phòng thi, học sinh không thể tiếp cận với các công cụ tra cứu nên không thể trích dẫn. Nếu cố ý “chế” dữ liệu hoặc study thì có thể bị giám khảo hạ điểm Task Response

Cách Compare để làm rõ quan điểm

Để làm rõ quan điểm thiên về một bên, người viết có thể sử dụng công cụ Antithesis để làm giảm tính quan trọng của bên còn lại. Công cụ Antithesis thường được đặt ở cuối Body 1 để refute lại luận điểm đã nêu ở trước, làm giảm sức mạnh của luận điểm.

Ví dụ: Giả sử ta muốn viết thiên về Disagree

Body 1: Một số người Agree với việc cấm fast food

Antithesis: làm giảm significance của lập luận này

Body 2: Tôi Disagree vì fast food có nhiều advantages

Cụ thể

Body 1: Some may argue that Fast food is harmful for your health

Antithesis: However, this only happens in some cases in which people cannot control their eating habits. Besides, we can easily mitigate this by helping them control their consumption of fast food

Body 2: Advantage of fast food

NOTE: Antithesis không bắt buộc. Học viên có quyền không dùng. Nếu dùng thì ta cần phải kiểm tra logic của học viên có ổn không. Câu Antithesis có logically make sense để làm giảm tính quan trọng của idea trước đó không.

Tư duy viết antithesis: Core mechanism – specify limits

“Đúng cho case A, nhưng không đúng cho case B.”

• Identify a dimension along which the weak view fails.
• Make the weak view sound plausible only in that narrow slice.
• Immediately imply (or state) that the strong view works more generally.

Three ready‑made comparison models

Model	Dimension	Template words	Examples
01 few vs many	Quantity / scope	only a few …, not viable for many …	“…only suitable for a few large cities, not viable for many small and medium ones.”
02 short‑term vs long‑term	Time horizon	only relevant in the short term, not true in the long run	“…this cost is only of short‑term relevance … more economical in the long run.”
03 issue → solution	Problem can be mitigated	this can be mitigated by …	“This exploitation … could be mitigated by implementing a set of ethical principles …”

Use the model that best fits your topic.

Language toolbox

Quantifier contrast (few vs many)

only + a few + N, not (very) viable for many + N

Temporal contrast (short‑ vs long‑term)

… is only of short‑term relevance / is only temporary,

while … tends to … in the long run.

Mitigation contrast (issue → solution)

This [problem/concern/exploitation] could be mitigated by + V‑ing …,

thereby + V‑ing … / minimising …



Step‑by‑step writing recipe

1. State the weak idea again in one clause.
2. Insert antithesis clause using one model above.
3. Give a brief explanation / parenthesis → optional but strengthens logic.

🔑 One or two antithesis sentence(s) is/are enough; clarity beats length.

G. Lưu ý về Vấn đề liên kết câu

Bài viết đạt CC band 7 yêu cầu các câu trong đoạn cần được liên kết bởi đa dạng cohesive devices, bao gồm (1) linking words, (2) referencing, (3) complex structures:

1. Linking words

Các linking words có thể tạm chia làm 2 nhóm

Nhóm 1: Linking words để giới thiệu idea

1️⃣ 1st SUPPORTING IDEA

• Regarding the former, S + V

• Chief among these is that S + V

• Perhaps one of these is that S + V

• Perhaps the most obvious point is that S + V

etc.

2️⃣ 2nd SUPPORTING IDEA

• Another point worth mentioning is that S + V

• Another point that should be considered is that S + V

etc.

3️⃣ OTHERS

• Regarding the first / second N,

• Concerning the first / second N,

• As far as the first / second N is concerned,

• Looking at the first / second N,

• The first / second N is that S + V

etc.

4️⃣ LEXIS – “N” CÓ THỂ LÀ

• point | argument | idea
• benefit | advantage
• drawback | disadvantage
• cause | reason
• problem | issue
• solution | measure

etc.

💡 Ví dụ minh hoạ

Tình huống	Đoạn ví dụ ngắn (In-context)
Giới thiệu ý 1	“Public smoking should be banned, for reasons related to health and fire hazards. Regarding the former, smoking is a major contributory factor to several diseases.” (Regarding the former chỉ được sử dụng khi câu trước đó có liệt kê 2 ý, và mình đang muốn refer to the first idea) Or “There are a number of reasons why I believe public smoking should be prohibited. Chief among these is that smoking is a major contributory factor to several diseases.” Or “There are a number of reasons why I believe public smoking should be prohibited. First, smoking is a major contributory factor to several diseases.”
Giới thiệu ý 2	“… has negative health effects. Another point worth mentioning is that it also causes considerable economic losses due to healthcare expenditure.”
Dùng “N-based”	“We can identify two chief reasons for this phenomenon. Concerning the first reason, many commuters prefer cars for convenience.”

Nhóm linking words để phát triển ideas

LINKING WORDS – EXPAND

──────────────────────

• Specifically, S + V.

• In fact, S + V. (*chỉ dùng để nêu một thực tế*)

• This is because S + V.

• The explanation for this is that S + V.

• The reason for this is that S + V.

etc.

LINKING WORDS – EXAMPLE

───────────────────────

• …, for example | for instance, …

• For example, … / For instance, …

• By way of illustration, S + V

• An illustration for this is that S + V

• A case in point is (that) …

• Evidence for this can be seen in [countries, cities, places] where S + V

etc.

LINKING WORDS – OTHERS

──────────────────────

CAUSE & EFFECT

• As a result, S + V.

• Therefore, S + V.

• Consequently, S + V.

etc.

CONTRAST

• Nevertheless, S + V.

• Nonetheless, S + V.

• However, S + V.

etc.

2. Referencing

Tư duy sử dụng: A => B. B => C. (B là referencing để nhắc lại thông tin câu trước)

Tool 1: S - V. This + Verb pattern (verb pattern là các động từ chỉ nhân quả như lead to, result in, allow, enable, cause, make, prevent, …)

Ví dụ:

Idea: Eat too much fast food => gain weight => be at risk of chronic diseases.

Flow hoàn chỉnh: Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight. This can cause them to be at risk of chronic diseases.

Tool 2: S - V. This/These/Such + Noun(s)

• Repetition

Many advertisements use exaggeration techniques. Such techniques may deceive customers and encourage them to purchase products of low quality.

• Synonym

The government should quickly carry out measures to prevent people from leaving rural areas. These steps are essential to maintain a sufficient number of agricultural workers.

(Dùng These steps, synonyms của measures, để nhắc lại measures câu trước)

• Word form (nominalisation)

The government should provide schools in rural areas with better facilities and more well-qualified teachers. Such provision can significantly improve the quality of teaching in these areas. (chuyển provide ở câu trước thành danh từ provision => Dùng such provision để nhắc lại)

Some companies may exaggerate their products via advertisements. Such exaggerations may deceive customers and encourage them to purchase products of low quality. (chuyển exaggerate ở câu trước thành danh từ exaggeration => Dùng such exaggerations để nhắc lại)

• Generalisation (This + [category])

Combustion of fossil fuels yields carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. These gases are considered as a contributing factor to global warming. (Dùng These gases để nhắc lại carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide)

The government should prohibit people from gathering during the pandemic. This measure can help alleviate the problem. (Dùng This measure để nhắc lại prohibit people from gathering during the pandemic)

3. Complex structures

Mô hình này sử dụng Complex structure để nối C vào câu A => B ở trước. Một số cấu trúc thường được dùng như

Hệ quả

• S - V, which + V.
• S - V, (adverb) Ving. (các adverb như thereby, thus, potentially, possibly, …)
• S - V, and therefore/thus S - V
• S - V, which means that S - V.
• S - V, meaning that S - V.

etc.

Nguyên nhân

• S - V because/since/as S - V
• S - V due to/thanks to/because of N

etc.

Tương phản

• Although SV, SV. // SV although SV.
• Despite N, SV. // SV despite N.
• While SV, SV. // SV while SV.

Etc.

Lưu ý: học sinh nên sử dụng đa dạng cấu trúc trong bài viết.

Ví dụ:

Idea: Eat too much fast food => gain weight => be at risk of chronic diseases.

Flow hoàn chỉnh:

• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, meaning that they are at risk of chronic diseases.
• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, which means that they are at risk of chronic diseases.
• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, and therefore they are at risk of chronic diseases.
• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, potentially causing them to be at risk of chronic diseases.

III. Đưa nhận xét và cải thiện

Bạn cần đưa nhận xét và cải thiện cho các phần sau

Câu 1: Paraphrase the introduction.

• Kiểm tra xem người viết có paraphrase đủ thông tin trong đề hay không => nếu không thì cần bổ sung
• Kiểm tra xem người viết có sử dụng những cách paraphrase đã học hay không => nếu không thì gợi ý

Suggest một câu Rewrite mẫu (nhớ sử dụng các công cụ paraphrase đã được nhắc đến ở phần trước)

Câu 2: Kiểm tra xem câu này có giải quyết đủ 2 phần Task trong câu hỏi (chưa cần phải đi vào chi tiết) => nếu thiếu thì cần bổ sung

Body paragraph 1:

Câu 3: Kiểm tra xem có câu topic sentence chưa => Nếu có và đúng rồi thì thôi, nếu chưa thì comment bổ sung

Đối với các flow idea trong đoạn bạn cần check các vấn đề sau

• Nếu A/B không có Topic => không có liên kết với đề => phải suggest người viết bổ sung vào

• Nếu A/B không có Idea => idea chưa được làm rõ => phải suggest người viết bổ sung vào

• KIểm tra xem học sinh có áp dụng linearthinking để viết theo các linear model hay không? Nếu phần [Specify A] => [Specify B] không liên kết với A => B thì phải chỉ ra rằng người viết chưa thực sự linear => phải suggest người viết sử dụng tư duy specify làm rõ thông A => B để có được câu phát triển idea [Specify A] => [Specify B] theo kiểu Expand hoặc Example

• Nếu không mắc các lỗi trên và thỏa mãn được một flow idea điển hình thì có thể suggest thêm cách để cải thiện flow cho chi tiết hơn theo các linear model

Đưa ra comment ở cuối body paragraph 1

Body paragraph 2: Tương tự body paragraph 1

Conclusion: Kiểm tra xem

• Người viết Tóm tắt lại các câu trả lời cho 2 câu hỏi chưa => Nếu chưa đủ hoặc chung chung thì cần bổ sung và cụ thể hơn
• Nguời viết không nên giới thiệu thêm thông tin không liên quan => Nếu có thì suggest bỏ đi

Bạn nhớ check thêm cách dùng từ vựng => nếu sai thì sửa nhé (bổ sung phần nhận xét này vào từng câu, sau những nhận xét chính trước khi rewrite luôn

SAMPLE tham khảo

SAMPLE 1

In the modern world, it is no longer necessary to use animals as food and other products, such as medicines and clothing.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Viết theo option ONE SIDE

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

It is believed that people no longer need to exploit animals for food and other products. This essay strongly disagrees with this statement for several reasons. The first reason behind my belief is that several people would still need to include meat in their diets. The reason for this is that meat is a valuable source of protein which is an essential nutrient for our muscles to develop as well as for our body to function properly. If people are deprived of meat, it may be difficult for them to find alternative sources which can provide them with sufficient levels of protein. This can lead to malnutrition, thereby producing an adverse effect on their physical as well as mental well-being. This is why I think that animals still play a significant role in our daily diet. Another point worth mentioning is that animals are of great importance to the development of medicines. In fact, scientists still use experiments on animals such as mice or monkeys to test the therapeutic and toxic properties of several potential substances. Without these animal studies, new drugs used to treat various types of cancers or new vaccines that are capable of preventing the spread of contagious diseases would not have emerged. This means that animal research is still irreplaceable in the field of medicine for the time being. In conclusion, I disagree that people should completely stop eating meat and using products made from animals.

It is believed that people no longer need to exploit animals for food and other products. This essay strongly disagrees with this statement for several reasons. The first reason behind my belief is that several people would still need to include meat in their diets. The reason for this is that meat is a valuable source of protein which is an essential nutrient for our muscles to develop as well as for our body to function properly. If people are deprived of meat, it may be difficult for them to find alternative sources which can provide them with sufficient levels of protein. This can lead to malnutrition, thereby producing an adverse effect on their physical as well as mental well-being. This is why I think that animals still play a significant role in our daily diet. Another point worth mentioning is that animals are of great importance to the development of medicines. In fact, scientists still use experiments on animals such as mice or monkeys to test the therapeutic and toxic properties of several potential substances. Without these animal studies, new drugs used to treat various types of cancers or new vaccines that are capable of preventing the spread of contagious diseases would not have emerged. This means that animal research is still irreplaceable in the field of medicine for the time being. In conclusion, I disagree that people should completely stop eating meat and using products made from animals partly because animal meat is a vital source of protein in our daily diets and partly because the development of new therapeutic agents still mainly depends on tests carried out on animal subjects.

SAMPLE 2

Some people think that advertisements aimed at children should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Viết theo option ONE SIDE

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

It is sometimes suggested that governments should impose a ban on advertisements targeting or featuring children. This essay strongly agrees with this suggestion for several reasons. The first reason given to support my opinion is that these advertisements can place a financial burden on parents. This is because at this age, some children are highly suggestible, and thus are easily attracted to several forms of advertisements or television commercials. Therefore, many parents are being nagged into spending a lot of money on unnecessary products and services because of these advertisements. For example, they may plead with their parents for an expensive toy after watching its eye-catching commercial, but later get bored with the toy as soon as they figure out what they have bought is not like what they saw in the advertisement. This is why I think that a ban on such advertisements can help parents save a considerable amount of money. Another reason behind my belief is that several companies are marketing unhealthy products to children and therefore can produce some negative effects on children’s development. One prime example of this is the fast food industry in which several major brands such as McDonald’s and KFC are creating several TV commercials to entice more children into consuming their products. This can cause several children to consume unhealthy fast food items on a regular basis, which can bring about various adverse effects on health such as an increasing risk of childhood and other cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, I believe that banning companies from advertising harmful products to children can lower these health risks. In conclusion, I totally agree that governments should prohibit companies from creating advertisements aimed at children.

It is sometimes suggested that governments should impose a ban on advertisements targeting or featuring children. This essay strongly agrees with this suggestion for several reasons. The first reason given to support my opinion is that these advertisements can place a financial burden on parents. This is because at this age, some children are highly suggestible, and thus are easily attracted to several forms of advertisements or television commercials. Therefore, many parents are being nagged into spending a lot of money on unnecessary products and services because of these advertisements. For example, they may plead with their parents for an expensive toy after watching its eye-catching commercial, but later get bored with the toy as soon as they figure out what they have bought is not like what they saw in the advertisement. This is why I think that a ban on such advertisements can help parents save a considerable amount of money. Another reason behind my belief is that several companies are marketing unhealthy products to children and therefore can produce some negative effects on children’s development. One prime example of this is the fast food industry in which several major brands such as McDonald’s and KFC are creating several TV commercials to entice more children into consuming their products. This can cause several children to consume unhealthy fast food items on a regular basis, which can bring about various adverse effects on health such as an increasing risk of childhood and other cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, I believe that banning companies from advertising harmful products to children can lower these health risks. In conclusion, I totally agree that governments should prohibit companies from creating advertisements aimed at children since this can encourage unnecessary purchases and have negative effects on children’s health.

SAMPLE 3

It is sometimes said that countries should produce all the food for their populations to eat and import as little as possible. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Viết theo option ONE SIDE

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

It is suggested that each country should be autonomous in terms of food production, importing as little as possible. This essay strongly disagrees with this suggestion. The first argument against this policy is that it can bring about detrimental effects on the global trade balance. This is because such a policy is against certain trade agreements which require participating countries to maintain a balance between imports and exports. If a country were to impose a limit on the quantity of imported goods and abandon such agreements, this would lead to conflicts with other nations. A prime example of this would be North Korea where the policy of self-sufficiency has been adopted for years; however, it has become the most isolated country and has suffered from prolonged drought due to a lack of the manpower, the facilities and the money needed to produce food on their own. Another idea worth mentioning is that the idea of countries being self-sufficient may be impossible for those facing geographical inconveniences and unfavourable climatic conditions. Regarding the former, due to a lack of land resources, countries such as Singapore may allocate a large portion of their land for touristic and industrial purposes rather than for agriculture, meaning that these countries cannot totally rely on their own agricultural sector. Other countries may face crop failure because of extreme weather conditions, ranging from arid environments in Africa to the sheer coldness in some Nordic countries, which might make imports an important contribution to the national diet. In conclusion, I disagree that one country should be self-provided with all the food and limit its imports to a minimum.

It is suggested that each country should be autonomous in terms of food production, importing as little as possible. This essay strongly disagrees with this suggestion. The first argument against this policy is that it can bring about detrimental effects on the global trade balance. This is because such a policy is against certain trade agreements which require participating countries to maintain a balance between imports and exports. If a country were to impose a limit on the quantity of imported goods and abandon such agreements, this would lead to conflicts with other nations. A prime example of this would be North Korea where the policy of self-sufficiency has been adopted for years; however, it has become the most isolated country and has suffered from prolonged drought due to a lack of the manpower, the facilities and the money needed to produce food on their own. Another idea worth mentioning is that the idea of countries being self-sufficient may be impossible for those facing geographical inconveniences and unfavourable climatic conditions. Regarding the former, due to a lack of land resources, countries such as Singapore may allocate a large portion of their land for touristic and industrial purposes rather than for agriculture, meaning that these countries cannot totally rely on their own agricultural sector. Other countries may face crop failure because of extreme weather conditions, ranging from arid environments in Africa to the sheer coldness in some Nordic countries, which might make imports an important contribution to the national diet. In conclusion, I disagree that one country should be self-provided with all the food and limit its imports to a minimum for reasons related to international trade imbalance and unavoidable factors.

Viết theo option BOTH SIDES

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

Whether or not states should be self-sufficient in food production and limit their imports to a minimum has been a subject of debate. While I acknowledge the benefits of this suggestion, I still disagree with it. Those who believe that countries should produce all their food products may have several arguments. They may well argue that if countries relied more on their own local farmers for food, this would also help their agricultural sector flourish and could ultimately benefit their own internal economy and social stability. Jobs in agriculture, for example, can help to boost local economies, especially in desolate and rural communities, helping to address the inequalities an economy might have. This is why countries such as the USA, despite being the most powerful country in the world economically, still rely on a strong agricultural industry in order to keep their domestic trade balanced. Nevertheless, I have to oppose this opinion for several reasons. Chief among these is that there exist some countries where lands are scarce and their geographical characteristics may not be favourable for agricultural activities. This means that if these countries rely totally on domestic agriculture, there would not be enough produce to feed the entire population, which can be exemplified clearly by the case of Singapore. Concerning the second idea, the policy of self sufficiency is against certain trade agreements which require participating countries to maintain a balance between imports and exports. If a country were to impose a limit on the quantity of imported goods and abandon such agreements, this would lead to conflicts with other nations. In conclusion, I acknowledge that there might be some economic benefits to having a country making its own food. Despite this, I still believe that countries might still need to import their food from overseas.

Whether or not states should be self-sufficient in food production and limit their imports to a minimum has been a subject of debate. While I acknowledge the benefits of this suggestion, I still disagree with it. Those who believe that countries should produce all their food products may point to the benefit this policy may bring to the local economy. They may well argue that if countries relied more on their own local farmers for food, this would also help their agricultural sector flourish and could ultimately benefit their own internal economy and social stability. Jobs in agriculture, for example, can help to boost local economies, especially in desolate and rural communities, helping to address the inequalities an economy might have. This is why countries such as the USA, despite being the most powerful country in the world economically, still rely on a strong agricultural industry in order to keep their domestic trade balanced. Nevertheless, I have to oppose this opinion for reasons related to a lack of natural resources and international trade imbalance. Regarding the former, there exist some countries where lands are scarce and their geographical characteristics may not be favourable for agricultural activities. This means that if these countries rely totally on domestic agriculture, there would not be enough produce to feed the entire population, which can be exemplified clearly by the case of Singapore. Concerning the second idea, the policy of self sufficiency is against certain trade agreements which require participating countries to maintain a balance between imports and exports. If a country were to impose a limit on the quantity of imported goods and abandon such agreements, this would lead to conflicts with other nations. In conclusion, I acknowledge that there might be some economic benefits to having a country making its own food. Despite this, the nature of the modern globalised economy means that countries, especially those suffering from a scarcity of raw materials, might still need to import their food from overseas.

SAMPLE 4

The only way to improve road safety is to give much stricter punishments for driving offenses. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Viết theo option BOTH SIDES

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

Some argue that imposing stricter punishments for driving offenses is the sole solution to improving road safety. While I recognize the efficacy of this proposition, I ultimately think that it is crucial to adopt a comprehensive approach that incorporates additional measures. Those who are in favour of the implementation of stricter penalties may have several arguments. They may argue that such measures can instill a sense of fear, thereby serving as a deterrent and potentially reducing the incidence of dangerous driving practices. This can be seen in Vietnam which has recorded an improvement in driving attitudes after the introduction of severe penalties, which include substantial fines and lengthy license suspensions. If there were no such consequences for violating traffic laws, it would have been extremely difficult to encourage drivers to be more cautious and responsible on the roads. However, I firmly believe that ensuring safe driving practices requires a multi-faceted approach. Firstly, it is essential to raise awareness among individuals about the significance of adhering to safe driving practices. This can be achieved through the promotion of driver education programs that emphasize traffic regulations and highlight the consequences of reckless behavior. Moreover, the government should invest in enhancing road infrastructure to reduce the risk of accidents related to poor road designs. For example, the authorities can construct wider and well-maintained roads as well as implement more advanced signalling systems, which can create a more reliable road network. In conclusion, although more stringent punishments for driving offenses can be a valuable component of efforts to improve road safety, I think that they should be implemented in conjunction with other measures.

Some argue that imposing stricter punishments for driving offenses is the sole solution to improving road safety. While I recognize the efficacy of this proposition, I ultimately think that it is crucial to adopt a comprehensive approach that incorporates additional measures. Admittedly, the implementation of stricter penalties for those who offend road traffic regulations can indeed have a positive impact on road safety. This is because such measures can instill a sense of fear, thereby serving as a deterrent and potentially reducing the incidence of dangerous driving practices. This can be seen in Vietnam which has recorded an improvement in driving attitudes after the introduction of severe penalties, which include substantial fines and lengthy license suspensions. If there were no such consequences for violating traffic laws, it would have been extremely difficult to encourage drivers to be more cautious and responsible on the roads. However, I firmly believe that ensuring safe driving practices requires a multi-faceted approach that encompasses education and enhanced infrastructure. Regarding the former, it is essential to raise awareness among individuals about the significance of adhering to safe driving practices. This can be achieved through the promotion of driver education programs that emphasize traffic regulations and highlight the consequences of reckless behavior. Moreover, the government should invest in enhancing road infrastructure to reduce the risk of accidents related to poor road designs. For example, the authorities can construct wider and well-maintained roads as well as implement more advanced signalling systems, which can create a more reliable road network. In conclusion, although more stringent punishments for driving offenses can be a valuable component of efforts to improve road safety, they should be implemented in conjunction with other measures. A comprehensive approach, including educational methods and infrastructure improvements, is more likely to achieve sustainable results in enhancing road safety.

Sample 5 - Sample có Antithesis kiểu Quantifier Contrast (few/Many)

Building underground transport systems (subways) is the best way to deal with traffic problems in cities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The question of whether constructing subway systems is the key to alleviating traffic issues in urban areas is a debatable matter. Although I acknowledge the benefits of these systems, I still have to disagree with this suggestion as, to me, a daily charge on cars is a more pragmatic approach.

Those who advocate the use of subways may point to the fact that these systems can provide high capacity transit. These trains have various carriages, each being able to accommodate dozens of passengers, which can allow them to transport vast numbers of people at the same time. This could help relieve the pressure on road transport, thereby potentially easing congestion. Nevertheless, I believe that this is not the best way as the expenditure on the construction and maintenance of the tunnels and the trains can be massive, meaning that only a few major cities can afford that while several small and medium cities might not.

A cheaper and simpler measure, in my opinion, is congestion pricing, by which the authorities can charge drivers for entering certain parts of the city during peak hours. The idea is that if the tolls are high enough, car owners could be deterred from driving and therefore, the quantity of private vehicles hitting the roads would drop. Coupled with this would be the money raised, which could in turn be invested in improving public transport infrastructure. Such a charging scheme has been successfully launched in various cities, namely Milan and London, where considerable decreases in traffic jams have been recorded.

To summarize, despite acknowledging the advantages brought by subways, I take the view that they are not the best remedy for urban traffic issues and that imposing a charge on car use is a better option.

Writing Task 2 - Dạng Discuss Both Views

I. Dạng đề:

Thường đề của IELTS có cấu trúc như sau:

• Topic: thường đây là câu đầu tiên của đề, nói về chủ đề tổng mà người viết cần phải viết về
• Task: Đây là phần yêu cầu của đề và người viết cần phải trả lời đầy đủ phần này

Dạng Discuss Both Views có yêu cầu sau

“Discuss Both Views and Give Your Opinions”

=> Người viết phải thể hiện quan điểm cá nhân một cách rõ ràng về 2 quan điểm trên đề bài, không được mập mờ.

Có 2 options người viết có thể đi theo

Option 1

Câu 2 Thesis: Acknowledge logic của những người theo View 1 nhưng tôi vẫn support View 2

Body Paragraph 1: Giải thích logic của những người theo View 1

Body Paragraph 2: Giải thích vì sao tôi vẫn support View 2

Conclusion: Tóm tắt lại logic của những người theo View 1 + lý do tại sao tôi vẫn support View 2

Option 2: Option này buộc người viết phải có tư duy specify ra nhiều trường hợp

Câu 2 Thesis: theo tôi thì nó phụ thuộc vào từng situation/case

Body Paragraph 1: Case A => tôi nghĩ nên theo View 1

Body Paragraph 2: Case B => tôi nghĩ nên theo View 2

Conclusion: Tóm tắt lại từng case

Những approach sai:

• I agree with both views => thường các views đối lập nên không thể agree cả hai. Người viết buộc phải specify rõ case nào thì theo view 1, case nào thì theo view 2.
• Đồng ý với view 2 nhưng không viết gì về view 1 => Đề bài yêu cầu viết về both views nên viết như vậy là thiếu đề

Cấu trúc câu Thesis đúng học sinh được dạy:

• While I acknowledge the logic behind the former view, I am still in favour of the latter.
• This essay will discuss both views and argue in favour of the latter.

II. Kiến thức dạy:

Tại DOL, Học sinh được dạy viết theo Linear framework theo bố cục bài viết bao gồm 4 đoạn, gồm 13-14 câu. Có 2 kiểu Linear framework, học sinh được phép chọn 1 trong 2 kiểu.

a. Linear Framework kiểu General

Option 1: không có Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: Opinions are divided on whether [quan điểm 1] or whether [quan điểm 2]

2. Thesis: While I (may) acknowledge the logic behind the former view, I am still in favour of the latter.

hoặc

• This essay will discuss both views and argue in favour of the latter.
• Despite acknowledging the reasons behind the former view, I still strongly support the latter.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu quan điểm đầu tiên

4. Point 1: Giới thiệu argument 1 của quan điểm này

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Giới thiệu argument 2 của quan điểm này

7. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Khẳng định rằng mình thiên về quan điểm thứ 2

9. Point 1: Nêu lý do thứ 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Nêu lý do thứ 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. In conclusion, it is understandable why some may argue that [quan điểm 1]. However, I would take the view that [quan điểm 2].

Option 2 : Body Paragraph 1 có 2 ideas và kết thúc bằng Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: Opinions are divided on whether [quan điểm 1] or whether [quan điểm 2]

2. Thesis: While I (may) acknowledge the logic behind the former view, I am still in favour of the latter.

hoặc

• This essay will discuss both views and argue in favour of the latter.
• Despite acknowledging the reasons behind the former view, I still strongly support the latter.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu quan điểm đầu tiên

4. Point 1: Giới thiệu argument 1 của quan điểm này

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Giới thiệu argument 2 của quan điểm này

7. Antithesis for Point 2: State and explain why this point is not significant

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Khẳng định rằng mình thiên về quan điểm thứ 2

9. Point 1: Nêu lý do thứ 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Nêu lý do thứ 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. In conclusion, it is understandable why some may argue that [quan điểm 1]. However, I would take the view that [quan điểm 2].

Option 3 : Body Paragraph 1 có duy nhất 1 idea và kết thúc bằng Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: Opinions are divided on whether [quan điểm 1] or whether [quan điểm 2]

2. Thesis: While I (may) acknowledge the logic behind the former view, I am still in favour of the latter.

hoặc

• This essay will discuss both views and argue in favour of the latter.
• Despite acknowledging the reasons behind the former view, I still strongly support the latter.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu quan điểm đầu tiên + lập luận duy nhất A => B

4. Expand: specify A => specify B

5. Example: specify A => specify B (phải specific hơn câu expand)

6+7. Antithesis: State and explain why this point is not significant

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Khẳng định rằng mình thiên về quan điểm thứ 2

9. Point 1: Nêu lý do thứ 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Nêu lý do thứ 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. In conclusion, it is understandable why some may argue that [quan điểm 1]. However, I would take the view that [quan điểm 2].

b. Linear Framework kiểu Specific

Option 1: không có Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: Opinions are divided on whether [quan điểm 1] or whether [quan điểm 2]

2. Thesis: While I (may) acknowledge the logic behind the former view, I am still in favour of the latter.

hoặc

• This essay will discuss both views and argue in favour of the latter.
• Despite acknowledging the reasons behind the former view, I still strongly support the latter.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu quan điểm đầu tiên + giới thiệu ngắn gọn các argument

4. Point 1: Giới thiệu argument 1 của quan điểm này

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Giới thiệu argument 2 của quan điểm này

7. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Khẳng định rằng mình thiên về quan điểm thứ 2 + giới thiệu ngắn gọn lý do

9. Point 1: Nêu lý do thứ 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Nêu lý do thứ 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. Cần include các thông tin sau

• Tóm tắt quan điểm 1 và các argument của quan điểm này
• Khẳng định lại tại sao mình ủng hộ quan điểm 2 và tóm tắt lại lý do

Option 2 : Body Paragraph 1 có 2 ideas và kết thúc bằng Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: Opinions are divided on whether [quan điểm 1] or whether [quan điểm 2]

2. Thesis: While I (may) acknowledge the logic behind the former view, I am still in favour of the latter.

hoặc

• This essay will discuss both views and argue in favour of the latter.
• Despite acknowledging the reasons behind the former view, I still strongly support the latter.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu quan điểm đầu tiên + giới thiệu ngắn gọn 2 arguments

4. Point 1: Giới thiệu argument 1 của quan điểm này

5. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

6. Point 2: Giới thiệu argument 2 của quan điểm này

7. Antithesis for Point 2: State and explain why this point is not significant

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Khẳng định rằng mình thiên về quan điểm thứ 2 + giới thiệu ngắn gọn lý do

9. Point 1: Nêu lý do thứ 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Nêu lý do thứ 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. Cần include các thông tin sau

• Tóm tắt quan điểm 1 và các argument của quan điểm này
• Khẳng định lại tại sao mình ủng hộ quan điểm 2 và tóm tắt lại lý do

Option 3 : Body Paragraph 1 có duy nhất 1 idea và kết thúc bằng Antithesis

Introduction

1. Paraphrase the topic: Opinions are divided on whether [quan điểm 1] or whether [quan điểm 2]

2. Thesis: While I (may) acknowledge the logic behind the former view, I am still in favour of the latter.

hoặc

• This essay will discuss both views and argue in favour of the latter.
• Despite acknowledging the reasons behind the former view, I still strongly support the latter.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

First Body Paragraph:

3. Topic sentence: Giới thiệu quan điểm đầu tiên + lập luận duy nhất A => B

4. Expand: specify A => specify B

5. Example: specify A => specify B (phải specific hơn câu expand)

6+7. Antithesis: State and explain why this point is not significant

Second Body Paragraph:

8. Topic sentence: Khẳng định rằng mình thiên về quan điểm thứ 2 + giới thiệu ngắn gọn lý do

9. Point 1: Nêu lý do thứ 1

10. Development for Point 1: Expand | Effect | Example

11. Point 2: Nêu lý do thứ 2

12. Development for Point 2: Expand | Effect | Example

Conclusion: 13/14. Cần include các thông tin sau

• Tóm tắt quan điểm 1 và các argument của quan điểm này
• Khẳng định lại tại sao mình ủng hộ quan điểm 2 và tóm tắt lại lý do

Lưu ý về language sử dụng trong tất cả các Linear Framework ở trên

Học sinh được quyền sử dụng các synonyms được liệt kê trong bảng sau. Nếu học sinh sử dụng đúng, AI tuyệt đối không được đề nghị thay đổi

Các từ vựng để nêu ra quan điểm cá nhân * I believe that = I think that = I take the view that = I hold the belief that = I am of the opinion that = I would argue that …
Các từ vựng để thể hiện sự đồng ý * Agree = be in agreement with = support
Các từ vựng để thể hiện sự phản đối * Disagree = be in disagreement with = oppose = object to
Nhìn nhận về một quan điểm nào đó * I may acknowledge something = I may understand something

c. Giải thích cụ thể các Linear Framework

Đoạn 1: Intro

Câu 1: Paraphrase the topic - người viết bắt buộc phải paraphrase đủ thông tin trong Topic. Người viết đã học cách paraphrase trên lớp như sau:

• Thay đổi sentence structure (Đổi Subject mới sẽ giúp sentence structure thay đổi hoàn toàn)
• Thay đổi word/phrase theo một trong các cách sau:
• Synonyms
• Word forms (đổi verb ⇔ adjectives ⇔ nouns)
• Definition:
• Dùng relative clause để định nghĩa một adjective (adjective + NOUN ⇔ NOUN + relative clause)
• Dùng Noun clause để paraphrase một noun/noun phrase

Cấu trúc học sinh được day:

Opinions are divided on whether [quan điểm 1] or whether [quan điểm 2]

Nếu học sinh đã sử dụng đúng cấu trúc được dạy thì không được phép chấm sai và sửa.

Câu 2 = Câu Thesis: Phải giải quyết đúng yêu cầu phần Task (thể hiện rõ quan điểm cá nhân như đã mô tả ở phần I. nếu quan điểm không rõ, ba phải, mập mờ thì phải sửa)

Cấu trúc câu Thesis đúng học sinh được dạy:

• While I acknowledge the logic behind the former view, I am still in favour of the latter.
• This essay will discuss both views and argue in favour of the latter.

(hoặc các biến thể paraphrase khác)

Lưu ý:

• Học sinh không cần phải giới thiệu cụ thể các point/luận điểm ở câu này.
• Nếu học sinh đã sử dụng đúng cấu trúc được dạy thì tuyệt đối không được phép chấm sai và sửa.

Đoạn 2 và 3: Body Paragraph 1 và 2 Giải quyết các phần Arguments For cho View 1 và View 2. Bố cục đoạn có thể theo 2 lựa chọn sau

Lựa chọn 1: (đoạn có 2 ideas)

Câu 3: Câu topic sentence để giới thiệu tổng quan về nội dung đoạn

Câu 4: Giới thiệu Idea 1

Câu 5: Phát triển Idea 1 (người viết có thể giải thích hoặc nêu ví dụ)

Câu 6: Giới thiệu Idea 2

Câu 7: Phát triển Idea 2 (người viết có thể giải thích hoặc nêu ví dụ)

Lưu ý: nhiều trường hợp, học viên có thể viết hơn 2 câu để diễn tả 1 idea, nên có thể idea 1 gồm câu 4 5 6, idea 2 gồm câu 7 8 9 hoặc idea 1 gồm câu 4 5 6, idea 2 gồm câu 7 8.

Lựa chọn 2: (đoạn có 1 idea)

Câu 3: Câu topic sentence giới thiệu idea duy nhất

Câu 4, 5, 6, 7 tập trung Phát triển Idea ở câu 3

Đối với câu Topic sentence, người viết được quyền viết theo 2 kiểu trong 2 framework

• Theo Linear Framework kiểu General: Those who support fast food may have several arguments
• Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific: Those who support fast food may emphasize its benefits related to cost and time.

Nếu học viên viết đúng 1 trong 2 kiểu thì chấp nhận, không được quyền chấm sai và sửa.

Đoạn 4: Conclusion

• Tóm tắt lại quan điểm cá nhân và các ý tưởng đã trình bày.
• Không giới thiệu thêm thông tin không liên quan

Người viết được quyền viết theo 2 kiểu trong 2 framework:

Ví dụ:

• Theo Linear Framework kiểu General: In conclusion, it is understandable why some people may argue that fast food has several advantages. However, I hold the belief that it carries more significant drawbacks. (Option này vẫn được nếu đây là một người viết band thấp)
• Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific: In conclusion, it is understandable why some people may argue that fast food is beneficial since it is cheap and convenient. However, I hold the belief that it carries more significant drawbacks related to health and traditions. (tóm tắt lại cụ thể thông tin đã viết trong bài)

d. So sánh sự khác nhau của 2 nhóm linear framework.

2 nhóm linear framework (General vs Specific) chủ yếu khác nhau ở các câu:

• Câu 3: topic sentence 1
• Câu 8: topic sentence 2
• Câu 13/14: phần kết luận

Cùng đọc 2 samples sau và so sánh

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

Opinions are divided on whether grandparents and other relatives are the best caregivers for children, or whether children should be sent to nurseries if their parents are busy. While I understand why some people support the former view, I am still in favour of the latter. Those who believe that the young children can receive best care from their close relatives, particularly from grandparents, may have several arguments. It is undeniable that grandparents have biological bonds to the children so they have more motivation to devote time and effort to them. Such devotion means that grandparents can be more attentive and responsive to their grandchildren’s needs, preventing them from displaying misbehaviour. However, there are some situations in which grandparents suffer from age-related diseases and thus may not be in their best health conditions to provide care for young children, which makes me think that this may not be the best option. In my opinion, daycare centers provide the best care for several reasons. Chief among these is that childcare centers employ qualified educators so they are able to run a structured learning curriculum. For example, practices such as following the schedule or working in groups enable young children to get accustomed to formal schooling and thus they can make a smoother transition to primary schools. Regarding the second idea, nurseries offer children the chance to interact with their peers, which can allow them to develop their social skills. Such interactions may be absent when children are homeschooled by their grandparents. In conclusion, it is understandable why some people may prefer childcare provided by close relatives. However, I still believe that childcare centers are the better option.

Opinions are divided on whether grandparents and other relatives are the best caregivers for children, or whether children should be sent to nurseries if their parents are busy. While I understand why some people support the former view, I am still in favour of the latter. Those who believe that the young children can receive best care from their close relatives, particularly from grandparents, may point to the blood relationships they share together. It is undeniable that grandparents have biological bonds to the children so they have more motivation to devote time and effort to them. Such devotion means that grandparents can be more attentive and responsive to their grandchildren’s needs, preventing them from displaying misbehaviour. However, there are some situations in which grandparents suffer from age-related diseases and thus may not be in their best health conditions to provide care for young children, which makes me think that this may not be the best option. In my opinion, daycare centers provide the best care for reasons related to well-structured educational programs and peer interactions. Concerning the former, childcare centers employ qualified educators so they are able to run a structured learning curriculum. For example, practices such as following the schedule or working in groups enable young children to get accustomed to formal schooling and thus they can make a smoother transition to primary schools. Regarding the second idea, nurseries offer children the chance to interact with their peers, which can allow them to develop their social skills. Such interactions may be absent when children are homeschooled by their grandparents. In conclusion, some people may prefer childcare provided by close relatives due to familial bonds. However, I still believe that childcare centers provide more value for the children as these facilities offer a standard curriculum and allow for interactions with friends.

Có thể thấy 2 bài viết theo 2 linear framework chủ yếu khác nhau ở các câu (phần highlighted):

• Câu 3: topic sentence 1
• Câu 8: topic sentence 2
• Câu 13/14: phần kết luận

IMPORTANT: Học sinh được phép viết theo 1 trong 2 kiểu. Nếu học sinh đã viết được 1 trong 2 kiểu thì không được phép chấm sai.

Lưu ý này quan trọng vì trong quá khứ AI thường chấm sai kiểu Linear Framework theo General. Tuyệt đối không được bác bỏ phong cách viết này.

e. Lưu ý về Vấn đề ý tưởng trong các câu 4, 5, 6, 7 và 9, 10, 11, 12.

Lưu ý về Vấn đề ý tưởng

Học sinh cần phải hiểu khái niệm flow idea (flow idea bao gồm câu giới thiệu idea và câu phát triển)

Một flow idea điển hình gồm: A => … => B

A/B = Topic/Idea (in any order).

Ví dụ: Some says that fast food is beneficial while others argue that it is extremely harmful. Discuss Both views

Giả sử ta đang viết về View 2 (harmful)

A = Topic = Fast food

B = Idea (argument for View 2) = Health risks

Vậy ta có flow idea điển hình: Fast Food => … => Health risks

Từ đó học sinh sẽ áp dụng linear thinking theo các linear model như sau (Học sinh được quyền chọn 1 trong những mô hình này):

Model 01: Expand

Giới thiệu idea: A => B

Phát triển idea: [Specify A] => [Specify B]

Ví dụ đúng:

Giới thiệu idea: fast food => health risks

Phát triển idea: consuming too much fast food => increase fat and sugar intake + heighten the risks of several chronic disease

(Lỗi thường gặp là học sinh không specify đúng thông tin ở câu giới thiệu idea nên dẫn đến việc câu phát triển idea bị off-topic)

Ví dụ sai:

Giới thiệu idea: fast food => health risks

Phát triển idea: consuming too much fast food => increase fat and sugar intake

(Có thể thấy được ở câu phát triển idea chưa có thông tin về Health Risks)

Model 02: Effect

Giới thiệu Idea: A => … => …

Phát triển idea: … => … => B.

(Ở model này A vẫn ở đầu flow, B vẫn ở cuối flow)

Ví dụ đúng:

Giới thiệu idea: fast food => increase fat and sugar intake

Phát triển idea: if this habit continues => gain weight uncontrollably and become obese => heighten the risks of several chronic disease

Ví dụ sai:

Giới thiệu idea: fast food => increase fat and sugar intake

Phát triển idea: if this habit continues => gain weight uncontrollably and become obese => heighten the risks of several chronic disease => make them feel less confident in expressing themselves

(Có thể thấy thông tin “make them feel less confident in expressing themselves” đã đi lệch khỏi B ban đầu (health risks) => phần này sẽ bị tính là lệch khỏi flow và nên được lược bỏ)

Model 03: Example

Giới thiệu idea: A => B

Phát triển idea: [Specify A] => [Specify B]

(lưu ý là phần Specify của Model 03 Example phải cụ thể hơn Model 01 Expand)

Ví dụ:

Giới thiệu idea: fast food => health risks

Phát triển idea: the availability of fast food in the US => has been linked with an increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.

Lưu ý: Các ví dụ trong IELTS nên là các fact, các examples được lấy từ đời sống hàng ngày và dễ relate to.

AI tuyệt đối không gợi ý học sinh trích dẫn Study/Reports hoặc dẫn Số liệu (data/figures) để chứng minh cho luận điểm. Điều này là do trong phòng thi, học sinh không thể tiếp cận với các công cụ tra cứu nên không thể trích dẫn. Nếu cố ý “chế” dữ liệu hoặc study thì có thể bị giám khảo hạ điểm Task Response

Cách Compare để làm rõ quan điểm

Để làm rõ quan điểm thiên về một bên, người viết có thể sử dụng công cụ Antithesis để làm giảm tính quan trọng của bên còn lại. Công cụ Antithesis thường được đặt ở cuối Body 1 để refute lại luận điểm đã nêu ở trước, làm giảm sức mạnh của luận điểm.

Giả sử ta muốn viết View 2 > View 1

Body 1: View 1

Antithesis: làm giảm significance của View này

Body 2: View 2

Ví dụ

Body 1: View 1 = Fast food is harmful for your health

Antithesis: However, this only happens in some cases in which people cannot control their eating habits. Besides, we can easily mitigate this by helping them control their consumption of fast food

Body 2: View 2 = Advantage of fast food

NOTE: Antithesis không bắt buộc. Học viên có quyền không dùng. Nếu dùng thì ta cần phải kiểm tra logic của học viên có ổn không. Câu Antithesis có logically make sense để làm giảm tính quan trọng của idea trước đó không.

Tư duy viết antithesis: Core mechanism – specify limits

“Đúng cho case A, nhưng không đúng cho case B.”

• Identify a dimension along which the weak view fails.
• Make the weak view sound plausible only in that narrow slice.
• Immediately imply (or state) that the strong view works more generally.

Three ready‑made comparison models

Model	Dimension	Template words	Examples
01 few vs many	Quantity / scope	only a few …, not viable for many …	“…only suitable for a few large cities, not viable for many small and medium ones.”
02 short‑term vs long‑term	Time horizon	only relevant in the short term, not true in the long run	“…this cost is only of short‑term relevance … more economical in the long run.”
03 issue → solution	Problem can be mitigated	this can be mitigated by …	“This exploitation … could be mitigated by implementing a set of ethical principles …”

Use the model that best fits your topic.

Language toolbox

Quantifier contrast (few vs many)

only + a few + N, not (very) viable for many + N

Temporal contrast (short‑ vs long‑term)

… is only of short‑term relevance / is only temporary,

while … tends to … in the long run.

Mitigation contrast (issue → solution)

This [problem/concern/exploitation] could be mitigated by + V‑ing …,

thereby + V‑ing … / minimising …



Step‑by‑step writing recipe

1. State the weak idea again in one clause.
2. Insert antithesis clause using one model above.
3. Give a brief explanation / parenthesis → optional but strengthens logic.

🔑 One or two antithesis sentence(s) is/are enough; clarity beats length.

G. Lưu ý về Vấn đề liên kết câu

Bài viết đạt CC band 7 yêu cầu các câu trong đoạn cần được liên kết bởi đa dạng cohesive devices, bao gồm (1) linking words, (2) referencing, (3) complex structures:

1. Linking words

Các linking words có thể tạm chia làm 2 nhóm

Nhóm 1: Linking words để giới thiệu idea

1️⃣ 1st SUPPORTING IDEA

• Regarding the former, S + V

• Chief among these is that S + V

• Perhaps one of these is that S + V

• Perhaps the most obvious point is that S + V

etc.

2️⃣ 2nd SUPPORTING IDEA

• Another point worth mentioning is that S + V

• Another point that should be considered is that S + V

etc.

3️⃣ OTHERS

• Regarding the first / second N,

• Concerning the first / second N,

• As far as the first / second N is concerned,

• Looking at the first / second N,

• The first / second N is that S + V

etc.

4️⃣ LEXIS – “N” CÓ THỂ LÀ

• point | argument | idea
• benefit | advantage
• drawback | disadvantage
• cause | reason
• problem | issue
• solution | measure

etc.

💡 Ví dụ minh hoạ

Tình huống	Đoạn ví dụ ngắn (In-context)
Giới thiệu ý 1	“Public smoking should be banned, for reasons related to health and fire hazards. Regarding the former, smoking is a major contributory factor to several diseases.” (Regarding the former chỉ được sử dụng khi câu trước đó có liệt kê 2 ý, và mình đang muốn refer to the first idea) Or “There are a number of reasons why I believe public smoking should be prohibited. Chief among these is that smoking is a major contributory factor to several diseases.” Or “There are a number of reasons why I believe public smoking should be prohibited. First, smoking is a major contributory factor to several diseases.”
Giới thiệu ý 2	“… has negative health effects. Another point worth mentioning is that it also causes considerable economic losses due to healthcare expenditure.”
Dùng “N-based”	“We can identify two chief reasons for this phenomenon. Concerning the first reason, many commuters prefer cars for convenience.”

Nhóm linking words để phát triển ideas

LINKING WORDS – EXPAND

──────────────────────

• Specifically, S + V.

• In fact, S + V. (*chỉ dùng để nêu một thực tế*)

• This is because S + V.

• The explanation for this is that S + V.

• The reason for this is that S + V.

etc.

LINKING WORDS – EXAMPLE

───────────────────────

• …, for example | for instance, …

• For example, … / For instance, …

• By way of illustration, S + V

• An illustration for this is that S + V

• A case in point is (that) …

• Evidence for this can be seen in [countries, cities, places] where S + V

etc.

LINKING WORDS – OTHERS

──────────────────────

CAUSE & EFFECT

• As a result, S + V.

• Therefore, S + V.

• Consequently, S + V.

etc.

CONTRAST

• Nevertheless, S + V.

• Nonetheless, S + V.

• However, S + V.

etc.

2. Referencing

Tư duy sử dụng: A => B. B => C. (B là referencing để nhắc lại thông tin câu trước)

Tool 1: S - V. This + Verb pattern (verb pattern là các động từ chỉ nhân quả như lead to, result in, allow, enable, cause, make, prevent, …)

Ví dụ:

Idea: Eat too much fast food => gain weight => be at risk of chronic diseases.

Flow hoàn chỉnh: Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight. This can cause them to be at risk of chronic diseases.

Tool 2: S - V. This/These/Such + Noun(s)

• Repetition

Many advertisements use exaggeration techniques. Such techniques may deceive customers and encourage them to purchase products of low quality.

• Synonym

The government should quickly carry out measures to prevent people from leaving rural areas. These steps are essential to maintain a sufficient number of agricultural workers.

(Dùng These steps, synonyms của measures, để nhắc lại measures câu trước)

• Word form (nominalisation)

The government should provide schools in rural areas with better facilities and more well-qualified teachers. Such provision can significantly improve the quality of teaching in these areas. (chuyển provide ở câu trước thành danh từ provision => Dùng such provision để nhắc lại)

Some companies may exaggerate their products via advertisements. Such exaggerations may deceive customers and encourage them to purchase products of low quality. (chuyển exaggerate ở câu trước thành danh từ exaggeration => Dùng such exaggerations để nhắc lại)

• Generalisation (This + [category])

Combustion of fossil fuels yields carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. These gases are considered as a contributing factor to global warming. (Dùng These gases để nhắc lại carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide)

The government should prohibit people from gathering during the pandemic. This measure can help alleviate the problem. (Dùng This measure để nhắc lại prohibit people from gathering during the pandemic)

3. Complex structures

Mô hình này sử dụng Complex structure để nối C vào câu A => B ở trước. Một số cấu trúc thường được dùng như

Hệ quả

• S - V, which + V.
• S - V, (adverb) Ving. (các adverb như thereby, thus, potentially, possibly, …)
• S - V, and therefore/thus S - V
• S - V, which means that S - V.
• S - V, meaning that S - V.

etc.

Nguyên nhân

• S - V because/since/as S - V
• S - V due to/thanks to/because of N

etc.

Tương phản

• Although SV, SV. // SV although SV.
• Despite N, SV. // SV despite N.
• While SV, SV. // SV while SV.

Etc.

Lưu ý: học sinh nên sử dụng đa dạng cấu trúc trong bài viết.

Ví dụ:

Idea: Eat too much fast food => gain weight => be at risk of chronic diseases.

Flow hoàn chỉnh:

• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, meaning that they are at risk of chronic diseases.
• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, which means that they are at risk of chronic diseases.
• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, and therefore they are at risk of chronic diseases.
• Eating too much fast food can make people gain weight, potentially causing them to be at risk of chronic diseases.

III. Đưa nhận xét và cải thiện

Bạn cần đưa nhận xét và cải thiện cho các phần sau

Câu 1: Paraphrase the introduction.

• Kiểm tra xem người viết có paraphrase đủ thông tin trong đề hay không => nếu không thì cần bổ sung
• Kiểm tra xem người viết có sử dụng những cách paraphrase đã học hay không => nếu không thì gợi ý

Suggest một câu Rewrite mẫu (nhớ sử dụng các công cụ paraphrase đã được nhắc đến ở phần trước)

Câu 2: Kiểm tra xem câu này có giải quyết đủ 2 phần Task trong câu hỏi (chưa cần phải đi vào chi tiết) => nếu thiếu thì cần bổ sung

Body paragraph 1:

Câu 3: Kiểm tra xem có câu topic sentence chưa => Nếu có và đúng rồi thì thôi, nếu chưa thì comment bổ sung

Đối với các flow idea trong đoạn bạn cần check các vấn đề sau

• Nếu A/B không có Topic => không có liên kết với đề => phải suggest người viết bổ sung vào

• Nếu A/B không có Idea => idea chưa được làm rõ => phải suggest người viết bổ sung vào

• KIểm tra xem học sinh có áp dụng linearthinking để viết theo các linear model hay không? Nếu phần [Specify A] => [Specify B] không liên kết với A => B thì phải chỉ ra rằng người viết chưa thực sự linear => phải suggest người viết sử dụng tư duy specify làm rõ thông A => B để có được câu phát triển idea [Specify A] => [Specify B] theo kiểu Expand hoặc Example

• Nếu không mắc các lỗi trên và thỏa mãn được một flow idea điển hình thì có thể suggest thêm cách để cải thiện flow cho chi tiết hơn theo các linear model

Đưa ra comment ở cuối body paragraph 1

Body paragraph 2: Tương tự body paragraph 1

Conclusion: Kiểm tra xem

• Người viết Tóm tắt lại các câu trả lời cho 2 câu hỏi chưa => Nếu chưa đủ hoặc chung chung thì cần bổ sung và cụ thể hơn
• Nguời viết không nên giới thiệu thêm thông tin không liên quan => Nếu có thì suggest bỏ đi

Bạn nhớ check thêm cách dùng từ vựng => nếu sai thì sửa nhé (bổ sung phần nhận xét này vào từng câu, sau những nhận xét chính trước khi rewrite luôn

SAMPLE tham khảo

SAMPLE 1

Nowadays, many families have both parents working. Some working parents believe other family members like grandparents can take care of their children, while others think childcare centres provide the best care. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

Opinions are divided on whether grandparents and other relatives are the best caregivers for children, or whether children should be sent to nurseries if their parents are busy. While I understand why some people support the former view, I am still in favour of the latter. Those who believe that the young children can receive best care from their close relatives, particularly from grandparents, may have several arguments. It is undeniable that grandparents have biological bonds to the children so they have more motivation to devote time and effort to them. Such devotion means that grandparents can be more attentive and responsive to their grandchildren’s needs, preventing them from displaying misbehaviour. However, there are some situations in which grandparents suffer from age-related diseases and thus may not be in their best health conditions to provide care for young children, which makes me think that this may not be the best option. In my opinion, daycare centers provide the best care for several reasons. Chief among these is that childcare centers employ qualified educators so they are able to run a structured learning curriculum. For example, practices such as following the schedule or working in groups enable young children to get accustomed to formal schooling and thus they can make a smoother transition to primary schools. Regarding the second idea, nurseries offer children the chance to interact with their peers, which can allow them to develop their social skills. Such interactions may be absent when children are homeschooled by their grandparents. In conclusion, it is understandable why some people may prefer childcare provided by close relatives. However, I still believe that childcare centers are the better option.

Opinions are divided on whether grandparents and other relatives are the best caregivers for children, or whether children should be sent to nurseries if their parents are busy. While I understand why some people support the former view, I am still in favour of the latter. Those who believe that the young children can receive best care from their close relatives, particularly from grandparents, may point to the blood relationships they share together. It is undeniable that grandparents have biological bonds to the children so they have more motivation to devote time and effort to them. Such devotion means that grandparents can be more attentive and responsive to their grandchildren’s needs, preventing them from displaying misbehaviour. However, there are some situations in which grandparents suffer from age-related diseases and thus may not be in their best health conditions to provide care for young children, which makes me think that this may not be the best option. In my opinion, daycare centers provide the best care for reasons related to well-structured educational programs and peer interactions. Concerning the former, childcare centers employ qualified educators so they are able to run a structured learning curriculum. For example, practices such as following the schedule or working in groups enable young children to get accustomed to formal schooling and thus they can make a smoother transition to primary schools. Regarding the second idea, nurseries offer children the chance to interact with their peers, which can allow them to develop their social skills. Such interactions may be absent when children are homeschooled by their grandparents. In conclusion, some people may prefer childcare provided by close relatives due to familial bonds. However, I still believe that childcare centers provide more value for the children as these facilities offer a standard curriculum and allow for interactions with friends.

SAMPLE 2

Some say that music plays an important role in society while others think it is simply a form of entertainment.

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

Opinions are divided on whether music is just a form of enjoyment or whether it plays an essential part in society. While I understand why some people support the former view, I am still in favour of the latter. Those who believe that music only serves to entertain people may have several arguments. From their point of view, music is commonly associated with relaxation such as a quiet evening at home after a long day’s work or a night with friends at a club or a karaoke. This popularity of music, however, makes people underestimate its value as few would bother to stop and think about the artistry and work that went into every song. Some may also argue that modern music in particular does not seem to be very serious and deep in terms of content and lyrics. This means that many songs, despite their catchy hooks, appear to certain people to be superficial and meaningless, which can be exemplified by several pop songs of the “boy meets girl” variety produced by the music industry with the ultimate purpose of entertainment. Nevertheless, I still believe that music has been used in society as more than just a form of entertainment for several reasons. As far as the first idea is concerned, music allows groups of people to establish their unique cultural identity. A prime example is the Flamenco music which not only is a sign of Spanish culture but also provides listeners insights into Spanish history. Another point worth mentioning is that music has been also used widely for political purposes. For instance, in the world of politics, several black musicians have produced many revolutionary songs and protest songs to deal with social injustice and systemic racism in the United States. In conclusion, although I acknowledge why people think that music is just merely a form of entertainment, I still hold the belief that it also performs several major roles in society.

Opinions are divided on whether music is just a form of enjoyment or whether it plays an essential part in society. While I understand why some people support the former view, I am still in favour of the latter. Those who believe that music only serves to entertain people emphasize the lack of values of certain music genres. From their point of view, music is commonly associated with relaxation such as a quiet evening at home after a long day’s work or a night with friends at a club or a karaoke. This popularity of music, however, makes people underestimate its value as few would bother to stop and think about the artistry and work that went into every song. Some may also argue that modern music in particular does not seem to be very serious and deep in terms of content and lyrics. This means that many songs, despite their catchy hooks, appear to certain people to be superficial and meaningless, which can be exemplified by several pop songs of the “boy meets girl” variety produced by the music industry with the ultimate purpose of entertainment. Nevertheless, I still believe that music has been used in society as more than just a form of entertainment for reasons related to cultures and politics. As far as the first idea is concerned, music allows groups of people to establish their unique cultural identity. A prime example is the Flamenco music which not only is a sign of Spanish culture but also provides listeners insights into Spanish history. Another point worth mentioning is that music has been also used widely for political purposes. For instance, in the world of politics, several black musicians have produced many revolutionary songs and protest songs to deal with social injustice and systemic racism in the United States. In conclusion, although I acknowledge why people think that music is just merely a form of entertainment, I still hold the belief that it also performs several major roles in society, especially in culture and politics..

SAMPLE 3

Some people say that in the modern world, getting old is entirely bad. Others believe that old people’s life nowadays is much better than in the past.

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Theo Linear Framework kiểu General

Theo Linear Framework kiểu Specific

The perception of aging in contemporary society varies significantly, with divergent views on whether growing old is predominantly unfavorable or whether the lives of older individuals have greatly improved in comparison to previous generations. This essay will examine the rationale behind both perspectives and assert my strong agreement with the latter viewpoint. Detractors of aging in the modern era may have some valid concerns. They contend that advanced age is often accompanied by physical decline, encompassing reduced mobility, chronic ailments, and heightened susceptibility to illnesses. These factors can substantially diminish the overall quality of life, consequently necessitating increased reliance on medical care. Additionally, older individuals may encounter difficulties in adapting to the rapidly evolving technological landscape and societal advancements. For instance, several elderly adults struggle to navigate smartphones and social media platforms, which can impede their ability to stay connected with loved ones, access crucial services, and fully participate in the digital age. Conversely, in my viewpoint, the lives of older people today are undeniably superior to those of the past. With regard to healthcare, senior citizens can ultimately benefit from remarkable advancements in this field. By gaining access to state-of-the-art medical care, older individuals can effectively manage and prevent age-related ailments, leading to prolonged lifespans and the ability to live more active lives. Furthermore, substantial improvements in financial security have ensured a more robust economic foundation for older individuals. In Finland, thanks to enhanced financial planning and pension schemes, elderly individuals now have a greater likelihood of maintaining a comfortable standard of living during their retirement years. In conclusion, while some individuals perceive aging in the modern world as an entirely negative experience, I firmly believe that the lives of older people today are generally superior to those of previous generations.

The perception of aging in contemporary society varies significantly, with divergent views on whether growing old is predominantly unfavorable or whether the lives of older individuals have greatly improved in comparison to previous generations. This essay will examine the rationale behind both perspectives and assert my strong agreement with the latter viewpoint. Detractors of aging in the modern era often highlight health-related concerns and the challenges posed by evolving technologies. They contend that advanced age is often accompanied by physical decline, encompassing reduced mobility, chronic ailments, and heightened susceptibility to illnesses. These factors can substantially diminish the overall quality of life, consequently necessitating increased reliance on medical care. Additionally, older individuals may encounter difficulties in adapting to the rapidly evolving technological landscape and societal advancements. For instance, several elderly adults struggle to navigate smartphones and social media platforms, which can impede their ability to stay connected with loved ones, access crucial services, and fully participate in the digital age. Conversely, in my viewpoint, the lives of older people today are undeniably superior to those of the past in terms of healthcare and financial stability. With regard to the former, senior citizens can ultimately benefit from remarkable advancements in this field. By gaining access to state-of-the-art medical care, older individuals can effectively manage and prevent age-related ailments, leading to prolonged lifespans and the ability to live more active lives. Furthermore, substantial improvements in financial security have ensured a more robust economic foundation for older individuals. In Finland, thanks to enhanced financial planning and pension schemes, elderly individuals now have a greater likelihood of maintaining a comfortable standard of living during their retirement years. In conclusion, while some individuals perceive aging in the modern world as an entirely negative experience, I firmly believe that the lives of older people today are generally superior to those of previous generations. Enhanced healthcare and increased financial stability contribute to a more gratifying and fulfilling aging experience.

SAMPLE có Antithesis

Nowadays animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products. Some people argue that these experiments should be banned because it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer, while others are in favor of them because of their benefits to humanity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Opinions are divided on whether a complete ban should be imposed on animal testing on moral grounds or whether it should be maintained due to its roles in the development of new therapeutic agents or testing potentially dangerous products. This essay will discuss both views and give reasons why such a ban would be not sensible given the importance of these studies and the current lack of a realistic alternative.

Those who argue that experiments on animals should be prohibited may point to the suffering they experience. Animal rights activists believe that such testing would do nothing but cause harm and distress to animal subjects, which cannot be justified by any possible benefits to society. A good illustration of this is allergy skin testing in which rabbits can be subject to severe swelling and inflammation. This exploitation by the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, nevertheless, could be mitigated by implementing a set of ethical principles, including refining experimental procedures to minimize any possible discomfort that animals have to experience.

Despite the aforementioned arguments, I am in favor of animal research partly because of its reliability and partly because of a lack of alternatives. With regard to the former, these studies provide information on the effectiveness and safety profile of a candidate drug, serving as a foundation for its trials on human subjects. Such data can assist scientists in identifying lethal side effects and calculating the dose which should be used for patients. As far as the second idea is concerned, although some advances in computer modelling have been made, these options still have not demonstrated enough credibility and therefore, studies conducted on live animals are still irreplaceable, for now at least.

To summarise, I believe that the use of animals for drug and product testing, although causing intense suffering to the subjects, is essential and incomparable. As such, I think this practice should be allowed for the time being. (317 words)

Band 9

CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐỂ ĐẢM BẢO ĐIỂM LEXICAL RESOURCES & GRAMMAR

I. Cấu trúc từ

Tại DOL, Học sinh được dạy 2 khái niệm về cấu trúc từ như sau:

a. Word Patterns

Word patterns describe the structure or the way words are put together. When you know the pattern “be interested in sth”, it will be easy to use the word “interested” in a sentence.

So what are some good ways to learn word patterns? One of these is through reading. Go beyond simply reading the words on the page. Become a detective, focusing on how words are used in context. Then jot down these patterns in your notebook. Here are some examples for you.

She refused to comment on this topic. → write (v) refuse to do sth // (v) comment on sth in your notebook

Their talk was influential in his decision. → write (adj) influential in in your notebook

They are trying to find a solution to their problems. → write (n) a solution to sth in your notebook

As illustrated in the examples above, every part of speech-whether a verb, adjective, or noun-can follow a specific pattern.

Types of patterns	Examples
Verb patterns	Allow someone to do something
Adjective patterns	Harmful to someone/something
Noun patterns	A solution to something

Another effective method to learn these patterns is by using dictionaries. Dictionaries are invaluable resources for understanding word patterns, beyond just definitions. A particularly helpful resource is the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, which offers a comprehensive database of varied word patterns along with numerous examples.

b. Collocations

A collocation is a pair or group of words that naturally go together in English. While these combinations sound perfectly natural to native speakers, they can be challenging for language learners because they often can’t be translated directly from their first language. Some combinations just sound ‘wrong’ to native English speakers. For example, we say ‘heavy smoker’ but not ‘strong smoker’, even though both heavy and strong can mean ‘a lot’.

There are several types of collocations:

• Verb + Noun: This type of collocation pairs a verb with a noun to describe an action related to the noun. For example, “submit an assignment” or “attend a lecture.”
• Adjective/Noun + Noun: Here, an adjective is used to describe a noun in a way that is commonly accepted. Examples include “challenging exam” or “motivated student.” These combinations set expectations about the noun based on the adjective..
• Verb + Adjective + Noun (+ Preposition): This structure is slightly more complex, often adding a preposition to further specify the relationship. For instance, “give a detailed explanation” or “participate actively in class.” These collocations are useful for giving detailed instructions or describing activities with precision.

There are many online resources available to help you learn English collocations. However, it is important to understand that each dictionary has their own design. This means that you should wisely choose one that is suitable for your learning style.

Longman Dictionary: This option is generally considered as user-friendly. This is because it offers simple definitions of new words, along with their specific examples. This is why several beginners choose this option;.

Ozdic: while this is far from being the best option for new learners, more advanced students may find it more useful. The reason for this is that Ozdic offers a wider range of vocabulary for them to choose from.

c. Word Patterns vs. Collocations: Understanding the Distinction

Understanding word patterns and collocations is essential for writing a correct sentence. It is important for learners to understand the differences between these two concepts.

Word patterns refer to the typical grammatical structures that follow a specific word. Recognizing these patterns is crucial for constructing sentences that are grammatically accurate. It is important to understand that verbs, adjectives, and nouns can all have patterns.

For instance, when we try to use the verb “listen” in a sentence, we need to know what structures go after that word. In this case, the verb follows the pattern “listen to someone/something,” as in “I like to listen to jazz music in the evening.” Another example is the verb “suggest,” which commonly follows the pattern “suggest that someone do something”, as in “He suggested that she listen to the song carefully”. (listen, NOT listens. you can’t add a “s” because that is how the pattern is)

Noun patterns (what goes after a noun) are equally important. One example is the noun “genre,” which typically follows the pattern “genre of something,” such as “My favourite genre of music is hip hop.”

When it comes to collocations, we usually think about the combinations of which words can go together. Specifically, when we want to use a Noun, we need to think about what adjectives or verbs that can pair with that noun. To illustrate, when we want to use the noun “song” in a sentence, we may need to use the verb “compose” and the adjective “catchy” in order to create the collocation “compose a catchy song.”

Adjective collocations are another type of collocation that is frequently used. They usually consist of an adjective combined with an adverb. For instance, “utterly” is an adverb that emphasizes the adjective “boring,” indicating complete lack of interest or excitement, as in “The performance was utterly boring, and many people fell asleep.”

Another common type of collocations are the pairing of a verb and an adverb. We can call these verb collocations. “Sing” is a verb that commonly pairs with “passionately” to describe the manner in which someone sings.

II. Cấu trúc câu

a. Câu đơn

Tại DOL, học sinh được dạy cấu trúc câu trong tiếng anh luôn tuân theo Subject - Verb pattern. Khi viết câu bắt buộc luôn phải có 2 thành phần này

Trong bảng sau là các loại chủ ngữ được dạy và ví dụ đi kèm

Types of Subjects	Examples
Pronouns (I, You, He, She, …)	He is a teacher. Trong câu này “He” là chủ ngữ
Noun	Birds can sing. Trong câu này “Birds” là chủ ngữ
Noun Phrase	The education of children is of great importance. Trong câu này “the education of children” là chủ ngữ
Ving (gerund)	Studying abroad is beneficial to students. Trong câu này “Studying abroad” là chủ ngữ
Dummy subjects (There, It)	There are 40 students in this class. It is important to study English. Trong 2 câu này “There” và “It” là chủ ngữ
Noun Clause	The fact that he passed the exam surprises me. Trong câu này “The fact that he passed the exam” là chủ ngữ

Trong bảng sau là các loại Verbs được dạy và note

Types of VERBS	NOTE and examples
Động từ to be	Ngoài việc phải chia động từ số ít số nhiều và chia thì, ta phải quan tâm đến thành phần sau động từ to be. Thành phần có thể theo sau to be bao gồm: - be + adjective pattern Smoking is harmful to your health. Ta có thể thấy sau động từ “is” là một adjective pattern (harmful to) - be + noun pattern Banning cars is a solution to the problem of traffic jams. Ta có thể thấy sau động từ “is” là một noun pattern (a solution to something)
Common verbs	Đối với những động từ thường, học sinh phải đảm bảo viết đúng verb pattern của nó Ví dụ: My parents allow me to go to Disney Land. Động từ trong câu này là allow, được sử dụng đúng pattern là “allow someone to do something”

b. Câu ghép và câu phức

Câu ghép và câu phức cũng được xây dựng lên từ những S - V pattern và được nối lại với nhau bằng những conjunction

III. Tư duy viết câu đúng

Tại DOL, học sinh được dạy áp dụng chiến lược viết câu 4 bước như sau:

Step 1: Hình thành meaning của câu (HS cần phải hình thành được “ngữ nghĩa” của câu mình muốn viết)

Step 2: Xác định cấu trúc chính (Sau khi đã xác định được ngữ nghĩa thì HS sẽ có khả năng xác định được chính xác các thành phần Subject - Verb của câu)

Step 3: Tra từ vựng. Tại DOL học sinh được dạy tra hai khái niệm

• Word patterns: cấu trúc của một từ được sử dụng trong câu (Ví dụ: nếu muốn dùng từ “allow”, học sinh phải tra được pattern là “allow someone to do something”. Nếu muốn dùng từ “prohibit”, học sinh phải tra được pattern là “prohibit someone from doing something”
• Collocations (noun collocation, verb collocation, adjective collocation. Sử dụng được các khái niệm này sẽ khiến câu của học sinh trở nên tự nhiên hơn)

Step 4: Ráp các thành phần đã tra lại và kiểm tra những điểm ngữ pháp khác (chia động từ, sử dụng articles, dấu câu, …)

Ví dụ

Đề bài: Viết câu từ các cue “government - measures - encourage - cycle”

Step 1: Hình thành meaning

=> Chính phủ nên thực hiện các biện pháp để khuyến khích người dân đạp xe.

Step 2: Xác định cấu trúc chính

Subject = Chính phủ

Verb = nên thực hiện các biện pháp …

Step 3: tra từ

• Collocation của measure => adopt measures
• Pattern của encourage => encourage someone to do something

Step 4: Ráp các thành phần

=> The government should adopt measures to encourage citizens to cycle.

Lưu ý về lỗi ngữ pháp khi chấm bài:

Dưới đây là danh sách một số lỗi ngữ pháp mà học sinh ở trình độ thấp thường gặp, đặc biệt là khi viết câu:

1. Subject-Verb Agreement

• Lỗi phổ biến: Không khớp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ (số ít/số nhiều).
• Ví dụ lỗi: He like reading books. (Sai)
• Cách sửa: He likes reading books. (Đúng)

2. Động từ làm Chủ ngữ (Gerund vs. Infinitive)

• Lỗi phổ biến: Không chuyển động từ thành dạng V-ing khi làm chủ ngữ.
• Ví dụ lỗi: Study abroad can be exciting. (Sai vì “study” là verb, phải chuyển thành Ving nếu muốn làm chủ ngữ)
• Cách sửa: Studying abroad can be exciting. (Đúng)

3. Articles (a, an, the)

• Lỗi phổ biến: Thiếu hoặc dùng sai mạo từ.
• Ví dụ lỗi: He bought book from store. (Sai)
• Cách sửa: He bought a book from the store. (Đúng)

4. Động từ không được chia đúng thì

• Lỗi phổ biến: Sử dụng sai thì (quá khứ, hiện tại, tương lai).
• Ví dụ lỗi: Yesterday, she go to school. (Sai)
• Cách sửa: Yesterday, she went to school. (Đúng)

5. Dùng sai dạng của từ (Word Forms)

• Lỗi phổ biến: Nhầm lẫn giữa danh từ, động từ, tính từ, và trạng từ.
• Ví dụ lỗi: He speaks fluent. (Sai)
• Cách sửa: He speaks fluently. (Đúng)

6. Câu Thiếu Chủ Ngữ Hoặc Động Từ

• Lỗi phổ biến: Viết câu không đầy đủ (thường quên chủ ngữ hoặc động từ chính).
• Ví dụ lỗi: Is very important to study. (Sai)
• Cách sửa: It is very important to study. (Đúng)

7. Sai Trật Tự Từ (Word Order)

• Lỗi phổ biến: Đặt từ không đúng vị trí trong câu.
• Ví dụ lỗi: She yesterday went to school. (Sai)
• Cách sửa: She went to school yesterday. (Đúng)

8. Dùng sai Giới Từ (Prepositions)

• Lỗi phổ biến: Sử dụng sai giới từ hoặc thiếu giới từ.
• Ví dụ lỗi: He is good in math. (Sai)
• Cách sửa: He is good at math. (Đúng)

9. Lạm dụng hoặc quên Linking Words

• Lỗi phổ biến: Sử dụng quá nhiều liên từ hoặc bỏ qua liên từ cần thiết.
• Ví dụ lỗi: He likes football. Also he likes basketball. (Sai)
• Cách sửa: He likes football, and he also likes basketball. (Đúng)

10. Sai Hình Thức Câu Bị Động (Passive Voice)

• Lỗi phổ biến: Dùng sai cấu trúc bị động.
• Ví dụ lỗi: The homework is do by him. (Sai)
• Cách sửa: The homework is done by him. (Đúng)

11. Quên Thêm “s” hoặc “es” Sau Động Từ

• Lỗi phổ biến: Quên thêm đuôi “s” khi chủ ngữ là số ít.
• Ví dụ lỗi: She write a letter every day. (Sai)
• Cách sửa: She writes a letter every day. (Đúng)

IMPORTANT NOTES

A. GRA

I. Range

Cố gắng produce đủ các loại subordinate clause sau:

		Gợi ý vị trí viết trong bài
Noun Clause	W/H S’ + V’	Thường có thể dùng viết câu paraphrase đề opinion There is an ongoing debate about whether S’ + V’**.
Relative Clause	MĐQH full Reduced relative clause (đủ 2 loại V3ed vs Ving) Noun apposition	Cố gắng đa dạng các relative pronouns (who/which/that/where …) S - V, (adv) Ving. (thường dùng khi viết flow hệ quả A = > B => C) S, noun apposition, V. (thường dùng khi dẫn ví dụ) Edinburgh, Scotland’s capital city, has a population of around 450,000.
Adverbial Clause	Cause - Effect (because/since/as/due to …)	Cái này thì dễ rồi, hay dùng ở các câu expand (explanation), mọi người lưu ý đừng lặp cấu trúc. Mỗi conjunction dùng 1 lần/bài thôi
Conditionals (If)	Viết khi đặt hypothesis Idea: A => B Hypothesis: If not A => no (B) (để ý coi loại 1 hay loại 2)
Concession (Although/ Despite/ While)	Có 2 vị trí dùng: - Viết câu thesis (2) hoặc conclusion ở các dạng so sánh Although technology undoubtedly offers powerful tools in the fight against crime, it is crucial to recognize that it also presents new opportunities for criminal activity. - Viết câu antithesis While this concern is valid, I think that the main purpose of schools is education, …

II. Accuracy

• Đảm bảo đúng S - V, đúng S - V agreement => nếu hay quên chia động từ thì nhớ add modal verbs vào
• Đảm bảo chia đúng thì
• Revise lại quy tắc dùng articles (1 safe rule là N chung chung thì dùng Ns không có the, => còn lại thì tham khảo link này https://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/grammar/articles.html )
• Chú ý sử dụng dấu phẩy (1 safe rule là những phần thông tin phụ thường được kẹp giữa dấu phẩy. Thông tin phụ = lấy ngón tay che lại mà không ảnh hưởng đến nghĩa của phần còn lại)

B. Avoiding repetition to improve CC and LR

You may notice that the pressure to paraphrase can be a bit overwhelming.

3. Topic sentence: [Topic] => [Argument]

4. Expand: [Topic]’ => … => [Argument]’

5. Example: [Topic]’’ => … => [Argument]’’

For example, in this flow of ideas, you may see that the topic should be paraphrased three times. Here are a couple of techniques to do this

Techniques	Examples
Synonym	Technological advances => technological developments
Changing word forms	Mandatory uniforms => Mandating uniforms Advances in technology => Technological advances
Generalisation	Some companies => These organisations
Specify (Replace General Words with Specific Terms/Examples)	Sports facilities => stadiums, gymnasiums and similar facilities
Definition (Think in English)	Unemployment rates are increasing. => The number of people without jobs is increasing. Crime rates => the number of criminal activities

C. Task Response

I. Avoid generalisation

Band 7	Main ideas are extended and supported but there may be a tendency to over-generalise

Overgeneralisation occurs when a writer makes a statement that is too broad or applies a claim to all situations or people without sufficient evidence. This issue often results in a lack of precision, making the argument weaker and less convincing. It is a common pitfall in IELTS essays, particularly in Task 2, where candidates may try to emphasize their points but unintentionally oversimplify or exaggerate.

Examples of Overgeneralisation

1. Too Broad Statements:
   • “All children love playing video games.”
   • “Every country faces the same environmental problems.”
   • “People today are only interested in earning money.”

Issue: These statements are too broad and not universally true. Not all children love video games, environmental problems differ by region, and people have diverse interests beyond earning money.

1. Absolute Language:
   • “Technology always leads to a better quality of life.”
   • “No one uses libraries anymore.”

Issue: Words like “always,” “never,” and “no one” make these statements inflexible and prone to contradiction. While technology often improves quality of life, there are instances where it doesn’t, and libraries are still used in many parts of the world.

In order to avoid overgeneralisation, you should learn to use hedging language. Here’s a table of hedging language categorized for easy reference:

Category	Hedging Language	Examples
1. Modal Verbs	Can, Could, May, Might, Would, Should	This approach might reduce the risk of recidivism.
2. Adverbs of Frequency	Often, Sometimes, Occasionally,	Policies like this are often successful in developed countries.
3. Adverbs of Degree	Quite, Fairly, Relatively, Somewhat, Moderately	The results were somewhat positive in the pilot phase.
4. Adverbs of Certainty	Possibly, Probably, Likely, Presumably, Apparently	This trend is likely to continue in the future.
5. Quantifiers	Many, Some, A few, Several, …	Several students may benefit from online learning.
6. Expressions of Tentativeness	It seems that…, It appears that…, It is possible that…, There is a tendency for…	It seems that this policy has had a positive impact.
7. Generalisers	Typically, Generally, In certain cases	Generally, students respond well to interactive learning methods.
8. Verbs Indicating Probability or Possibility	Suggest, Indicate, Propose, Imply, Tend to, be likely to, have a tendency to …,	Research suggests that this intervention is effective.
9. Phrases for Limitation	To some extent, In certain cases, Under specific circumstances, In a limited number of instances	This approach works well under specific circumstances.

II. Avoid the lack of focus and precision

Band 7	There may be a lack of focus and precision in supporting ideas/material.

1. Lack of focus

• Occurs when supporting ideas deviate from the main argument, introducing irrelevant information or tangents that dilute the essay’s central message.

Prompt: More people are consuming sugar-based drinks. What are some measures to control consumption?

Response with Lack of Focus:

""One way to control sugar-based drink consumption is by educating people about its harmful effects. When people learn about the potential risks of diabetes associated with consuming such drinks, they are more likely to avoid excessive consumption. This will help lower the number of people diagnosed with obesity and cardiovascular diseases, contributing to a much healthier population.”

Issue: While the first and second sentence addresses the prompt, the third sentence shifts to discussing health benefits, which is unrelated to the task (control consumption).

2. Lack of precision

• The “lack of precision” in supporting ideas/material could indeed refer to word choice, especially when the chosen words do not accurately match or align with the specific terms in the prompt. In IELTS Writing, precision in language is essential because it ensures clarity and avoids misrepresentation of ideas.

Prompt: The international community should reduce the debts of the world’s poorest countries.

Flow: “The best solution is for governments of wealthier nations to eliminate debt completely for underdeveloped regions.”

Issue:

• The word “eliminate” is stronger than “reduce”, as it implies total cancellation rather than partial relief. This creates a subtle misalignment with the prompt if your argument focuses solely on reduction rather than elimination.
• Using “eliminate” when the essay is meant to address “reduce” can show a lack of precision in understanding or responding to the task.

III. Avoid unclear conclusions

Band 6	A position is presented that is directly relevant to the prompt, although the conclusions drawn may be unclear, unjustified or repetitive.

One common misunderstanding is that some people think that the “conclusions” mentioned above is the conclusion of the essay. However, they are not. In fact, they are the conclusions of your ideas.

Flow of idea: A => … => B

B = the conclusion

When B becomes unclear, unjustified or repetitive, you may get a 6.0 in TR

1. Unclear conclusions

Prompt: Some people think it is better for children to grow up in the countryside. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Flow: Living in the countryside provides children with a healthier environment compared to that of cities. They can breathe fresh air and play in open spaces.

Issue: The writer did not clearly articulate how these details (fresh air, open spaces) contribute to the argument that the countryside is better for children. The “conclusion” (B) is missing or unclear, leaving the flow of ideas incomplete and failing to link back to the prompt.

**Rewrite:**Living in the countryside provides children with a healthier environment compared to that of cities. They can breathe fresh air and play in open spaces, which contributes to their physical well-being and reduces the risk of respiratory illnesses caused by urban pollution.

2. Unjustified conclusions

Prompt: Some believe that public transport should be free to reduce pollution. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Flow: Making public transport free would encourage more people to use it. This can help reduce the issue of air pollution.

Issue: Despite having both A and B in their flow, the student fails to explain the connection between A and B. While the claim is reasonable, it needs explanation to bridge the idea (A) to the conclusion (B).

**Rewrite:**Making public transport free would encourage more people to use it, thereby reducing the number of private vehicles on the roads. With fewer cars in use, traffic congestion would ease, and carbon emissions would decrease, leading to cleaner air in cities.

3. Repetitive conclusions

• A repetitive conclusion restates previous points without adding new insight or synthesis, failing to advance the argument or provide a deeper understanding.

Prompt: Some argue that public libraries are no longer necessary due to the availability of digital information. Do you agree or disagree?

Flow: Libraries allow for community activities. This is because they enable people to do certain activities.

Issue: The conclusion repeats earlier points without adding new insight or depth.

Rewrite: Áp dụng tư duy SPECIFY

Libraries allow for community activities. This is because they provide designated spaces for events such as book clubs, educational workshops, and cultural exhibitions that bring people together.

🎯 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 – RUBRIC PHÂN TÍCH CHI TIẾT (DOL STYLE)

1️⃣ TASK RESPONSE (TR)

(Mức độ trả lời đúng và đủ yêu cầu đề bài)

1.1 Answering the Question

(Trả lời đúng yêu cầu đề)

Giải thích ngắn gọn: Tiêu chí này xem học sinh có trả lời đầy đủ các câu hỏi trong đề không (ví dụ: both views, reasons + solutions, advantages + opinion…).

🟢 Strong

• Trả lời đủ tất cả phần của đề
• Không lạc đề, không bỏ sót yêu cầu

🟡 Medium

• Trả lời đúng hướng nhưng:
  • thiếu 1 phần nhỏ
  • hoặc trả lời chưa rõ một yêu cầu

🔴 Weak

• Bỏ sót yêu cầu quan trọng
• Trả lời lệch trọng tâm hoặc chỉ nói một phần đề

1.2 Position / Opinion

(Lập trường, quan điểm)

Giải thích ngắn gọn: Xem học sinh có nêu quan điểm rõ ràng và giữ nhất quán hay không.

🟢 Strong

• Quan điểm rõ ràng, xuyên suốt bài
• Không mâu thuẫn giữa các đoạn

🟡 Medium

• Có quan điểm nhưng:
  • chưa rõ ràng
  • hoặc thể hiện chưa nhất quán

🔴 Weak

• Không thấy quan điểm
• Hoặc quan điểm thay đổi, mâu thuẫn

1.3 Idea Development

(Phát triển ý)

Giải thích ngắn gọn: Xem các ý chính có được giải thích, mở rộng, minh họa đủ hay không.

🟢 Strong

• Mỗi idea đều có giải thích rõ
• Có ví dụ / hệ quả hợp lý

🟡 Medium

• Có phát triển ý nhưng còn:
  • chung chung
  • hoặc thiếu chiều sâu

🔴 Weak

• Ý nêu ra nhưng không giải thích
• Liệt kê ý rời rạc

2️⃣ COHERENCE & COHESION (CC)

(Mạch lạc & liên kết)

2.1 Overall Progression

(Mạch ý toàn bài)

Giải thích ngắn gọn: Xem bài viết có đi theo mạch logic dễ theo dõi hay không.

🟢 Strong

• Bài đi từ mở → thân → kết rõ ràng
• Ý sau nối tự nhiên với ý trước

🟡 Medium

• Nhìn chung có mạch
• Một vài chỗ chuyển ý hơi gượng

🔴 Weak

• Ý nhảy lung tung
• Khó theo dõi logic chung

2.2 Paragraphing

(Tổ chức đoạn văn)

Giải thích ngắn gọn: Xem mỗi đoạn có một trọng tâm rõ ràng hay không.

🟢 Strong

• Mỗi đoạn tập trung 1 ý chính
• Không lẫn ý giữa các đoạn

🟡 Medium

• Có chia đoạn
• Nhưng đôi lúc trộn nhiều ý trong 1 đoạn

🔴 Weak

• Chia đoạn không hợp lý
• Hoặc không chia đoạn rõ ràng

2.3 Use of Cohesive Devices

(Từ nối & liên kết câu)

Giải thích ngắn gọn: Xem từ nối có được dùng đúng chức năng, tự nhiên hay không.

🟢 Strong

• Dùng từ nối linh hoạt, đúng chỗ
• Không gây chú ý vì dùng “quá tay”

🟡 Medium

• Có dùng từ nối
• Nhưng đôi lúc hơi máy móc hoặc lặp

🔴 Weak

• Ít từ nối
• Hoặc dùng sai, gây rối mạch

3️⃣ LEXICAL RESOURCE (LR)

(Từ vựng)

3.1 Vocabulary Range

(Phạm vi từ vựng)

🟢 Strong

• Từ vựng đa dạng theo chủ đề
• Có paraphrase, tránh lặp

🟡 Medium

• Đủ từ dùng
• Nhưng còn lặp và chưa linh hoạt

🔴 Weak

• Từ vựng hạn chế
• Lặp từ đơn giản nhiều

3.2 Accuracy (Word Choice & Collocation)

(Độ chính xác dùng từ)

🟢 Strong

• Dùng từ đúng nghĩa, collocation tự nhiên
• Lỗi rất ít, không gây hiểu nhầm

🟡 Medium

• Có lỗi nhẹ về collocation
• Nhưng người đọc vẫn hiểu ý

🔴 Weak

• Lỗi dùng từ thường xuyên
• Có câu khiến người đọc phải đoán ý

4️⃣ GRAMMATICAL RANGE & ACCURACY (GRA)

(Ngữ pháp)

4.1 Grammatical Range

(Độ đa dạng cấu trúc)

Giải thích ngắn gọn: Xem học sinh có dùng câu phức / mệnh đề hay không.

🟢 Strong

• Dùng đa dạng câu phức
• Không chỉ dựa vào câu đơn

🟡 Medium

• Có câu phức
• Nhưng chưa nhiều hoặc chưa linh hoạt

🔴 Weak

• Chủ yếu là câu đơn
• Ít hoặc không có cấu trúc phức

4.2 Accuracy (Grammar & Punctuation)

(Độ chính xác)

🟢 Strong

• Phần lớn câu đúng
• Lỗi hiếm và không ảnh hưởng hiểu nghĩa

🟡 Medium

• Có lỗi ngữ pháp
• Nhưng không cản trở việc hiểu bài

🔴 Weak

• Lỗi ngữ pháp thường xuyên
• Gây khó hiểu hoặc đọc mệt

Writing Task 2 Band Descriptors

Scoring criteria for Academic and General Training tests

A script must fully fit the positive features of the descriptor at a particular level. Bolded text indicates negative features that will limit a rating.

Band Score	Task Response	Coherence & Cohesion	Lexical Resource	Grammatical Range & Accuracy
9	The prompt is appropriately addressed and explored in depth. A clear and fully developed position is presented which directly answers the question/s. Ideas are relevant, fully extended and well supported. Any lapses in content or support are extremely rare.	The message can be followed effortlessly. Cohesion is used in such a way that it very rarely attracts attention. Any lapses in coherence or cohesion are minimal. Paragraphing is skilfully managed.	Full flexibility and precise use are widely evident. A wide range of vocabulary is used accurately and appropriately with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features. Minor errors in spelling and word formation are extremely rare and have minimal impact on communication.	A wide range of structures is used with full flexibility and control. Punctuation and grammar are used appropriately throughout. Minor errors are extremely rare and have minimal impact on communication.
8	The prompt is appropriately and sufficiently addressed. A clear and well-developed position is presented in response to the question/s. Ideas are relevant, well extended and supported. There may be occasional omissions or lapses in content.	The message can be followed with ease. Information and ideas are logically sequenced, and cohesion is well managed. Occasional lapses in coherence and cohesion may occur. Paragraphing is used sufficiently and appropriately.	A wide resource is fluently and flexibly used to convey precise meanings. There is skilful use of uncommon and/or idiomatic items when appropriate, despite occasional inaccuracies in word choice and collocation. Occasional errors in spelling and/or word formation may occur, but have minimal impact on communication.	A wide range of structures is flexibly and accurately used. The majority of sentences are error-free, and punctuation is well managed. Occasional, non-systematic errors and inappropriacies occur, but have minimal impact on communication.
7	The main parts of the prompt are appropriately addressed. A clear and developed position is presented. Main ideas are extended and supported but there may be a tendency to over-generalise or there may be a lack of focus and precision in supporting ideas/material.	Information and ideas are logically organised, and there is a clear progression throughout the response. (A few lapses may occur, but these are minor.) A range of cohesive devices including reference and substitution is used flexibly but with some inaccuracies or some over/under use. Paragraphing is generally used effectively to support overall coherence, and the sequencing of ideas within a paragraph is generally logical.	The resource is sufficient to allow some flexibility and precision. There is some ability to use less common and/or idiomatic items. An awareness of style and collocation is evident, though inappropriacies occur. There are only a few errors in spelling and/or word formation and they do not detract from overall clarity.	A variety of complex structures is used with some flexibility and accuracy. Grammar and punctuation are generally well controlled, and error-free sentences are frequent. A few errors in grammar may persist, but these do not impede communication.

Band Score	Task Response	Coherence & Cohesion	Lexical Resource	Grammatical Range & Accuracy
6	The main parts of the prompt are addressed (though some may be more fully covered than others). An appropriate format is used. A position is presented that is directly relevant to the prompt, although the conclusions drawn may be unclear, unjustified or repetitive. Main ideas are relevant, but some may be insufficiently developed or may lack clarity, while some supporting arguments and evidence may be less relevant or inadequate.	Information and ideas are generally arranged coherently and there is a clear overall progression. Cohesive devices are used to some good effect but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical due to misuse, overuse or omission. The use of reference and substitution may lack flexibility or clarity and result in some repetition or error. Paragraphing may not always be logical and/or the central topic may not always be clear.	The resource is generally adequate and appropriate for the task. The meaning is generally clear in spite of a rather restricted range or a lack of precision in word choice. If the writer is a risk-taker, there will be a wider range of vocabulary used but higher degrees of inaccuracy or inappropriacy. There are some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but these do not impede communication.	A mix of simple and complex sentence forms is used but flexibility is limited. Examples of more complex structures are not marked by the same level of accuracy as in simple structures. Errors in grammar and punctuation occur, but rarely impede communication.
5	The main parts of the prompt are incompletely addressed. The format may be inappropriate in places. The writer expresses a position, but the development is not always clear. Some main ideas are put forward, but they are limited and are not sufficiently developed and/or there may be irrelevant detail. There may be some repetition.	Organisation is evident but is not wholly logical and there may be a lack of overall progression. Nevertheless, there is a sense of underlying coherence to the response. The relationship of ideas can be followed but the sentences are not fluently linked to each other. There may be limited/overuse of cohesive devices with some inaccuracy. The writing may be repetitive due to inadequate and/or inaccurate use of reference and substitution. Paragraphing may be inadequate or missing.	The resource is limited but minimally adequate for the task. Simple vocabulary may be used accurately but the range does not permit much variation in expression. There may be frequent lapses in the appropriacy of word choice and a lack of flexibility is apparent in frequent simplifications and/or repetitions. Errors in spelling and/or word formation may be noticeable and may cause some difficulty for the reader.	The range of structures is limited and rather repetitive. Although complex sentences are attempted, they tend to be faulty, and the greatest accuracy is achieved on simple sentences. Grammatical errors may be frequent and cause some difficulty for the reader. Punctuation may be faulty.

Band Score	Task Response	Coherence & Cohesion	Lexical Resource	Grammatical Range & Accuracy
4	The prompt is tackled in a minimal way, or the answer is tangential, possibly due to some misunderstanding of the prompt. The format may be inappropriate. A position is discernible, but the reader has to read carefully to find it. Main ideas are difficult to identify and such ideas that are identifiable may lack relevance, clarity and/or support. Large parts of the response may be repetitive.	Information and ideas are evident but not arranged coherently and there is no clear progression within the response. Relationships between ideas can be unclear and/or inadequately marked. There is some use of basic cohesive devices, which may be inaccurate or repetitive. There is inaccurate use or a lack of substitution or referencing. There may be no paragraphing and/or no clear main topic within paragraphs.	The resource is limited and inadequate for or unrelated to the task. Vocabulary is basic and may be used repetitively. There may be inappropriate use of lexical chunks (e.g. memorised phrases, formulaic language and/or language from the input material). Inappropriate word choice and/or errors in word formation and/or in spelling may impede meaning.	A very limited range of structures is used. Subordinate clauses are rare and simple sentences predominate. Some structures are produced accurately but grammatical errors are frequent and may impede meaning. Punctuation is often faulty or inadequate.
3	No part of the prompt is adequately addressed, or the prompt has been misunderstood. No relevant position can be identified, and/or there is little direct response to the question/s. There are few ideas, and these may be irrelevant or insufficiently developed.	There is no apparent logical organisation. Ideas are discernible but difficult to relate to each other. There is minimal use of sequencers or cohesive devices. Those used do not necessarily indicate a logical relationship between ideas. There is difficulty in identifying referencing. Any attempts at paragraphing are unhelpful.	The resource is inadequate (which may be due to the response being significantly underlength). Possible over-dependence on input material or memorised language. Control of word choice and/or spelling is very limited, and errors predominate. These errors may severely impede meaning.	Sentence forms are attempted, but errors in grammar and punctuation predominate (except in memorised phrases or those taken from the input material). This prevents most meaning from coming through. Length may be insufficient to provide evidence of control of sentence forms.
2	The content is barely related to the prompt. No position can be identified. There may be glimpses of one or two ideas without development.	There is little relevant message, or the entire response may be off-topic. There is little evidence of control of organisational features.	The resource is extremely limited with few recognisable strings, apart from memorised phrases. There is no apparent control of word formation and/or spelling.	There is little or no evidence of sentence forms (except in memorised phrases).
1	Responses of 20 words or fewer are rated at Band 1. The content is wholly unrelated to the prompt. Any copied rubric must be discounted.	Responses of 20 words or fewer are rated at Band 1. The writing fails to communicate any message and appears to be by a virtual non-writer.	Responses of 20 words or fewer are rated at Band 1. No resource is apparent, except for a few isolated words.	Responses of 20 words or fewer are rated at Band 1. No rateable language is evident.
0	Should only be used where a candidate did not attend or attempt the question in any way, used a language other than English throughout, or where there is proof that a candidate’s answer has been totally memorised.

Traceability

• Source path: docs/Command/Resources/Documents/Exercise with AI 2026/Writing/DOL Knowledge Base_ Task 2.docx
• Source path hash: d946410be1
• Source kind: local_docx
• Source SHA256: 21a568f025edb1fde5bfd5952641497dfe3404ccffa59d106c97f63076d19147
• Output mode: text